{
"query": {
"display": "$$\\int\\:-\\cos^{3}\\left(x\\right)dx$$",
"symbolab_question": "BIG_OPERATOR#\\int -\\cos^{3}(x)dx"
},
"solution": {
"level": "PERFORMED",
"subject": "Calculus",
"topic": "Integrals",
"subTopic": "Indefinite Integrals",
"default": "-\\sin(x)+\\frac{1}{3}\\sin^{3}(x)+C",
"meta": {
"showVerify": true
}
},
"steps": {
"type": "interim",
"title": "$$\\int\\:-\\cos^{3}\\left(x\\right)dx=-\\sin\\left(x\\right)+\\frac{1}{3}\\sin^{3}\\left(x\\right)+C$$",
"input": "\\int\\:-\\cos^{3}\\left(x\\right)dx",
"steps": [
{
"type": "step",
"primary": "Sacar la constante: $$\\int{a\\cdot{f\\left(x\\right)}dx}=a\\cdot\\int{f\\left(x\\right)dx}$$",
"result": "=-\\int\\:\\cos^{3}\\left(x\\right)dx"
},
{
"type": "interim",
"title": "Re-escribir usando identidades trigonométricas",
"input": "\\int\\:\\cos^{3}\\left(x\\right)dx",
"result": "=-\\int\\:\\left(1-\\sin^{2}\\left(x\\right)\\right)\\cos\\left(x\\right)dx",
"steps": [
{
"type": "interim",
"title": "Simplificar $$\\cos^{3}\\left(x\\right):{\\quad}\\cos^{2}\\left(x\\right)\\cos\\left(x\\right)$$",
"input": "\\cos^{3}\\left(x\\right)",
"steps": [
{
"type": "step",
"primary": "Aplicar las leyes de los exponentes: $$a^{b+c}=a^b\\cdot\\:a^c$$",
"secondary": [
"$$\\cos^{3}\\left(x\\right)=\\cos^{2}\\left(x\\right)\\cos\\left(x\\right)$$"
],
"result": "=\\cos^{2}\\left(x\\right)\\cos\\left(x\\right)",
"meta": {
"practiceLink": "/practice/exponent-practice",
"practiceTopic": "Expand FOIL"
}
}
],
"meta": {
"solvingClass": "Solver2",
"interimType": "Generic Simplify Specific 1Eq",
"gptData": "pG0PljGlka7rWtIVHz2xymbOTBTIQkBEGSNjyYYsjjDErT97kX84sZPuiUzCW6s7dmwH+NFlXzYMc8KrQqkQP1XTSum/z5kLpMzXS1UJIey3kQDEAk6UuWKo1vzeBjzjNgPgSkZkNSKp8+YLNOQRCGRLd2VwIqlBNByF6663syT2nWOwxwfrdLvivxnVh1PxuqD8ocAuDUPDS4hNTpfQouIASZeFjDtawNGt9P21GJY="
}
},
{
"type": "step",
"result": "=\\int\\:\\cos^{2}\\left(x\\right)\\cos\\left(x\\right)dx"
},
{
"type": "step",
"primary": "Usar la siguiente identidad: $$\\cos^{2}\\left(x\\right)=1-\\sin^{2}\\left(x\\right)$$",
"result": "=\\int\\:\\left(1-\\sin^{2}\\left(x\\right)\\right)\\cos\\left(x\\right)dx"
}
],
"meta": {
"interimType": "Trig Rewrite Using Trig identities 0Eq",
"gptData": "pG0PljGlka7rWtIVHz2xymbOTBTIQkBEGSNjyYYsjjDErT97kX84sZPuiUzCW6s7l7+Hp9GxvB/5I+4/5L7s7xOu/kODwo/3r139yZjXeWP1fWutlCU4zUzgkFchUVlKOeWgsE4Mk40prEDZkKQ8Xcq64+b8YguXf4qCtKW9b7JFhxSzNcjgPzX10I7nnzbP34i0lW0DrXT5HrSgF4N/aPsSAighYt+7xJRvPKyzPBBFKk3fejFkyiOiq9iG9IkA32kw1HaNjIfuj1NJZBeSnuoyPQEYNVOm3mHtfuoqEpQUg7V9QoORnQJjCLn6GNH75s26ZrCbBdMXrEMrW6DteA=="
}
},
{
"type": "interim",
"title": "Aplicar integración por sustitución",
"input": "\\int\\:\\left(1-\\sin^{2}\\left(x\\right)\\right)\\cos\\left(x\\right)dx",
"steps": [
{
"type": "definition",
"title": "Definición de integración por sustitución",
"text": "$$\\int\\:f\\left(g\\left(x\\right)\\right)\\cdot\\:g'\\left(x\\right)dx=\\int\\:f\\left(u\\right)du,\\:\\quad\\:u=g\\left(x\\right)$$",
"secondary": [
"Sustituir: $$u=\\sin\\left(x\\right)$$"
]
},
{
"type": "interim",
"title": "$$\\frac{du}{dx}=\\cos\\left(x\\right)$$",
"input": "\\frac{d}{dx}\\left(\\sin\\left(x\\right)\\right)",
"steps": [
{
"type": "step",
"primary": "Aplicar la regla de derivación: $$\\frac{d}{dx}\\left(\\sin\\left(x\\right)\\right)=\\cos\\left(x\\right)$$",
"result": "=\\cos\\left(x\\right)"
}
],
"meta": {
"solvingClass": "Derivatives",
"interimType": "Derivatives",
"gptData": "pG0PljGlka7rWtIVHz2xymbOTBTIQkBEGSNjyYYsjjDErT97kX84sZPuiUzCW6s79Kg+idP5vLVrjUll6eMdYgOt2FhQQwx0GxLGzv2mPOv8zeERICEnv1Ds5A1/BdIwQslTDKxOR/6J+ZOGvUcaugB66mSUqneplfTkjggryzD6iDpcTVxDjQ5tzND5SL/a/YPuLKiL1T3raVYWYuVCmA=="
}
},
{
"type": "step",
"primary": "$$\\quad\\Rightarrow\\:du=\\cos\\left(x\\right)dx$$"
},
{
"type": "step",
"primary": "$$\\quad\\Rightarrow\\:dx=\\frac{1}{\\cos\\left(x\\right)}du$$"
},
{
"type": "step",
"result": "=\\int\\:\\left(1-u^{2}\\right)\\cos\\left(x\\right)\\frac{1}{\\cos\\left(x\\right)}du"
},
{
"type": "interim",
"title": "Simplificar $$\\left(1-u^{2}\\right)\\cos\\left(x\\right)\\frac{1}{\\cos\\left(x\\right)}:{\\quad}1-u^{2}$$",
"input": "\\left(1-u^{2}\\right)\\cos\\left(x\\right)\\frac{1}{\\cos\\left(x\\right)}",
"steps": [
{
"type": "step",
"primary": "Multiplicar fracciones: $$a\\cdot\\frac{b}{c}=\\frac{a\\:\\cdot\\:b}{c}$$",
"result": "=\\frac{1\\cdot\\:\\left(1-u^{2}\\right)\\cos\\left(x\\right)}{\\cos\\left(x\\right)}"
},
{
"type": "step",
"primary": "Eliminar los terminos comunes: $$\\cos\\left(x\\right)$$",
"result": "=1\\cdot\\:\\left(1-u^{2}\\right)"
},
{
"type": "step",
"primary": "Simplificar",
"result": "=1-u^{2}"
}
],
"meta": {
"solvingClass": "Solver",
"interimType": "Algebraic Manipulation Simplify Title 1Eq"
}
},
{
"type": "step",
"result": "=\\int\\:1-u^{2}du"
}
],
"meta": {
"interimType": "Integral U Substitution 1Eq",
"gptData": "pG0PljGlka7rWtIVHz2xymbOTBTIQkBEGSNjyYYsjjDErT97kX84sZPuiUzCW6s7l7+Hp9GxvB/5I+4/5L7s7+mA3m8h0M8PsnqGscp8ZqUct8+f6Y9+RLVqXXO+g6VKB42dCZngAt2UhJjMVkTWLsN5vRWJvr0V/8T6RtR0CSAgHP4YqWkh5OOHaSrQ/l8R8tW3miTn3iPAMl3Bw27YmUUqTd96MWTKI6Kr2Ib0iQBmViLE82xC6thfkXUNODzCWBQZkw2uSA2/oONwhw+9b3FiOLgpXrhIzV1822Jo4RA="
}
},
{
"type": "step",
"result": "=-\\int\\:1-u^{2}du"
},
{
"type": "step",
"primary": "Aplicar la regla de la suma: $$\\int{f\\left(x\\right){\\pm}g\\left(x\\right)}dx=\\int{f\\left(x\\right)}dx{\\pm}\\int{g\\left(x\\right)}dx$$",
"result": "=-\\left(\\int\\:1du-\\int\\:u^{2}du\\right)"
},
{
"type": "interim",
"title": "$$\\int\\:1du=u$$",
"input": "\\int\\:1du",
"steps": [
{
"type": "step",
"primary": "Integral de una constante: $$\\int{a}dx=ax$$",
"result": "=1\\cdot\\:u"
},
{
"type": "step",
"primary": "Simplificar",
"result": "=u",
"meta": {
"solvingClass": "Solver"
}
}
],
"meta": {
"solvingClass": "Integrals",
"interimType": "Integrals"
}
},
{
"type": "interim",
"title": "$$\\int\\:u^{2}du=\\frac{u^{3}}{3}$$",
"input": "\\int\\:u^{2}du",
"steps": [
{
"type": "interim",
"title": "Aplicar la regla de la potencia",
"input": "\\int\\:u^{2}du",
"result": "=\\frac{u^{3}}{3}",
"steps": [
{
"type": "step",
"primary": "Aplicar la regla de la potencia: $$\\int{x^{a}}dx=\\frac{x^{a+1}}{a+1},\\:\\quad\\:a\\neq{-1}$$",
"result": "=\\frac{u^{2+1}}{2+1}"
},
{
"type": "interim",
"title": "Simplificar $$\\frac{u^{2+1}}{2+1}:{\\quad}\\frac{u^{3}}{3}$$",
"input": "\\frac{u^{2+1}}{2+1}",
"steps": [
{
"type": "step",
"primary": "Sumar: $$2+1=3$$",
"result": "=\\frac{u^{3}}{3}"
}
],
"meta": {
"solvingClass": "Solver",
"interimType": "Algebraic Manipulation Simplify Title 1Eq"
}
},
{
"type": "step",
"result": "=\\frac{u^{3}}{3}"
}
],
"meta": {
"interimType": "Power Rule Top 0Eq",
"gptData": "pG0PljGlka7rWtIVHz2xymbOTBTIQkBEGSNjyYYsjjDErT97kX84sZPuiUzCW6s7l7+Hp9GxvB/5I+4/5L7s7ztMnkJqJUs4Qp2osi+oqZ+o/JI5bBgpgExN510TA5cyodqSCYnUP+KiNK7E2zlYiE/QYMzREewyYhmRoDar7ofEE1c1KRzl1GtEOEJ8QtOggQUxJPyUNnGfVirkcwpVOywVfTqM6oer1NCEiBVxXlEFhz3BOluIdUzPwDRvptmyz3HvTYVjIXu4gwg+ZYlMRA=="
}
}
],
"meta": {
"solvingClass": "Integrals",
"interimType": "Integrals"
}
},
{
"type": "step",
"result": "=-\\left(u-\\frac{u^{3}}{3}\\right)"
},
{
"type": "step",
"primary": "Sustituir en la ecuación $$u=\\sin\\left(x\\right)$$",
"result": "=-\\left(\\sin\\left(x\\right)-\\frac{\\sin^{3}\\left(x\\right)}{3}\\right)"
},
{
"type": "interim",
"title": "Simplificar $$-\\left(\\sin\\left(x\\right)-\\frac{\\sin^{3}\\left(x\\right)}{3}\\right):{\\quad}-\\sin\\left(x\\right)+\\frac{1}{3}\\sin^{3}\\left(x\\right)$$",
"input": "-\\left(\\sin\\left(x\\right)-\\frac{\\sin^{3}\\left(x\\right)}{3}\\right)",
"result": "=-\\sin\\left(x\\right)+\\frac{1}{3}\\sin^{3}\\left(x\\right)",
"steps": [
{
"type": "step",
"primary": "Poner los parentesis",
"result": "=-\\left(\\sin\\left(x\\right)\\right)-\\left(-\\frac{\\sin^{3}\\left(x\\right)}{3}\\right)"
},
{
"type": "step",
"primary": "Aplicar las reglas de los signos",
"secondary": [
"$$-\\left(-a\\right)=a,\\:\\:\\:-\\left(a\\right)=-a$$"
],
"result": "=-\\sin\\left(x\\right)+\\frac{\\sin^{3}\\left(x\\right)}{3}"
},
{
"type": "step",
"result": "=-\\sin\\left(x\\right)+\\frac{1}{3}\\sin^{3}\\left(x\\right)"
}
],
"meta": {
"solvingClass": "Solver",
"interimType": "Generic Simplify Specific 1Eq",
"gptData": "pG0PljGlka7rWtIVHz2xymbOTBTIQkBEGSNjyYYsjjDErT97kX84sZPuiUzCW6s7Mdrn+5z6dmEt7LdSLpxXY1wCt/NJvDQc1iUcHQYK9rOpKaNLc+hAe/2EsvyRP8CAcJChiVhDxT5N/LHSTLMjyHgV5farxNddjHBnDxPCCz1b0VkN4Ux/QR5FDN/rpvIqtI3McHOf67QvdoFo+ZeWcpjcBIL5pmo83UMFZRSzJsUi1gKAW/sHAKhw71cfsKBglKODLklt2aQTIgkihDxEN4c3AJKhB7Bc5i3uIoz2lBE="
}
},
{
"type": "step",
"primary": "Agregar una constante a la solución",
"result": "=-\\sin\\left(x\\right)+\\frac{1}{3}\\sin^{3}\\left(x\\right)+C",
"meta": {
"title": {
"extension": "Si $$\\frac{dF\\left(x\\right)}{dx}=f\\left(x\\right)$$ entonces $$\\int{f\\left(x\\right)}dx=F\\left(x\\right)+C$$"
}
}
}
],
"meta": {
"solvingClass": "Integrals",
"practiceLink": "/practice/integration-practice#area=main&subtopic=Trig%20Power%20Multiplication",
"practiceTopic": "Integral Trig Substitution"
}
},
"plot_output": {
"meta": {
"plotInfo": {
"variable": "x",
"plotRequest": "y=-\\sin(x)+\\frac{1}{3}\\sin^{3}(x)+C"
},
"showViewLarger": true
}
},
"meta": {
"showVerify": true
}
}
Solución
Solución
Pasos de solución
Sacar la constante:
Re-escribir usando identidades trigonométricas
Aplicar integración por sustitución
Aplicar la regla de la suma:
Sustituir en la ecuación
Simplificar
Agregar una constante a la solución