integral of (x^4-x^3-x-1)/(x^3-x^2)

Lösung

\int \frac{x ^{4} - x ^{3} - x - 1}{x ^{3} - x ^{2}} d x

\frac{x ^{2}}{2} + 2 ln ∣ x ∣ - \frac{1}{x} - 2 ln ∣ x - 1 ∣ + C

Schritte zur Lösung

\int \frac{x ^{4} - x ^{3} - x - 1}{x ^{3} - x ^{2}} d x

Lange Division

\frac{x ^{4} - x ^{3} - x - 1}{x ^{3} - x ^{2}} : x + \frac{- x - 1}{x ^{3} - x ^{2}}

= \int x + \frac{- x - 1}{x ^{3} - x ^{2}} d x

Wende die Summenregel an:

\int f (x) \pm g (x) d x = \int f (x) d x \pm \int g (x) d x

= \int x d x + \int \frac{- x - 1}{x ^{3} - x ^{2}} d x

\int x d x = \frac{x ^{2}}{2}

\int \frac{- x - 1}{x ^{3} - x ^{2}} d x = 2 ln ∣ x ∣ - \frac{1}{x} - 2 ln ∣ x - 1 ∣

= \frac{x ^{2}}{2} + 2 ln ∣ x ∣ - \frac{1}{x} - 2 ln ∣ x - 1 ∣

Füge eine Konstante zur Lösung hinzu

= \frac{x ^{2}}{2} + 2 ln ∣ x ∣ - \frac{1}{x} - 2 ln ∣ x - 1 ∣ + C

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