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integral of xsqrt(x^4+2x^2-3)

Lösung

\int x x^{4} + 2 x^{2} - 3 d x

\frac{1}{4} (x^{2} + 1) x^{4} + 2 x^{2} - 3 - ln (\frac{1}{2} x^{2} + 1 + x^{4} + 2 x^{2} - 3) + C

Schritte zur Lösung

\int x x^{4} + 2 x^{2} - 3 d x

Wende U-Substitution an

= \int \frac{u ^{2} + 2 u - 3}{2} d u

Entferne die Konstante:

\int a \cdot f (x) d x = a \cdot \int f (x) d x

= \frac{1}{2} \cdot \int u^{2} + 2 u - 3 d u

Vervollständige das Quadrat

u^{2} + 2 u - 3 : (u + 1)^{2} - 4

= \frac{1}{2} \cdot \int (u + 1)^{2} - 4 d u

Wende U-Substitution an

= \frac{1}{2} \cdot \int v^{2} - 4 d v

Trigonometrische Substitution anwenden

= \frac{1}{2} \cdot \int 4 tan^{2} (w) sec (w) d w

Entferne die Konstante:

\int a \cdot f (x) d x = a \cdot \int f (x) d x

= \frac{1}{2} \cdot 4 \cdot \int tan^{2} (w) sec (w) d w

Umschreiben mit Hilfe von Trigonometrie-Identitäten

= \frac{1}{2} \cdot 4 \cdot \int (- 1 + sec^{2} (w)) sec (w) d w

Multipliziere aus

(- 1 + sec^{2} (w)) sec (w) : - sec (w) + sec^{3} (w)

= \frac{1}{2} \cdot 4 \cdot \int - sec (w) + sec^{3} (w) d w

Wende die Summenregel an:

\int f (x) \pm g (x) d x = \int f (x) d x \pm \int g (x) d x

= \frac{1}{2} \cdot 4 (- \int sec (w) d w + \int sec^{3} (w) d w)

\int sec (w) d w = ln ∣ tan (w) + sec (w) ∣

\int sec^{3} (w) d w = \frac{1}{2} sec (w) tan (w) + \frac{1}{2} ln ∣ tan (w) + sec (w) ∣

= \frac{1}{2} \cdot 4 (- ln ∣ tan (w) + sec (w) ∣ + \frac{1}{2} sec (w) tan (w) + \frac{1}{2} ln ∣ tan (w) + sec (w) ∣)

Ersetze zurück

= \frac{1}{2} \cdot 4 (- ln tan (arcsec (\frac{1}{2} (x^{2} + 1))) + sec (arcsec (\frac{1}{2} (x^{2} + 1))) + \frac{1}{2} sec (arcsec (\frac{1}{2} (x^{2} + 1))) tan (arcsec (\frac{1}{2} (x^{2} + 1))) + \frac{1}{2} ln tan (arcsec (\frac{1}{2} (x^{2} + 1))) + sec (arcsec (\frac{1}{2} (x^{2} + 1))))

Vereinfache

\frac{1}{2} \cdot 4 (- ln tan (arcsec (\frac{1}{2} (x^{2} + 1))) + sec (arcsec (\frac{1}{2} (x^{2} + 1))) + \frac{1}{2} sec (arcsec (\frac{1}{2} (x^{2} + 1))) tan (arcsec (\frac{1}{2} (x^{2} + 1))) + \frac{1}{2} ln tan (arcsec (\frac{1}{2} (x^{2} + 1))) + sec (arcsec (\frac{1}{2} (x^{2} + 1)))) : \frac{1}{4} (x^{2} + 1) x^{4} + 2 x^{2} - 3 - ln (\frac{1}{2} x^{2} + 1 + x^{4} + 2 x^{2} - 3)

= \frac{1}{4} (x^{2} + 1) x^{4} + 2 x^{2} - 3 - ln (\frac{1}{2} x^{2} + 1 + x^{4} + 2 x^{2} - 3)

Füge eine Konstante zur Lösung hinzu

= \frac{1}{4} (x^{2} + 1) x^{4} + 2 x^{2} - 3 - ln (\frac{1}{2} x^{2} + 1 + x^{4} + 2 x^{2} - 3) + C

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