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2cos^4(x)+3sin^2(x)-2=0

Solución

2 cos^{4} (x) + 3 sin^{2} (x) - 2 = 0

Solución

x = 2 πn, x = π + 2 πn, x = 0.78539 \dots + 2 πn, x = 2 π - 0.78539 \dots + 2 πn, x = 2.35619 \dots + 2 πn, x = - 2.35619 \dots + 2 πn

Grados

x = 0^{\circ} + 36 0^{\circ} n, x = 18 0^{\circ} + 36 0^{\circ} n, x = 4 5^{\circ} + 36 0^{\circ} n, x = 31 5^{\circ} + 36 0^{\circ} n, x = 13 5^{\circ} + 36 0^{\circ} n, x = - 13 5^{\circ} + 36 0^{\circ} n

Pasos de solución

2 cos^{4} (x) + 3 sin^{2} (x) - 2 = 0

Re-escribir usando identidades trigonométricas

- 2 + 2 cos^{4} (x) + 3 sin^{2} (x)

Utilizar la identidad pitagórica:

cos^{2} (x) + sin^{2} (x) = 1

sin^{2} (x) = 1 - cos^{2} (x)

= - 2 + 2 cos^{4} (x) + 3 (1 - cos^{2} (x))

Simplificar

- 2 + 2 cos^{4} (x) + 3 (1 - cos^{2} (x)) : 2 cos^{4} (x) - 3 cos^{2} (x) + 1

- 2 + 2 cos^{4} (x) + 3 (1 - cos^{2} (x))

Expandir

3 (1 - cos^{2} (x)) : 3 - 3 cos^{2} (x)

3 (1 - cos^{2} (x))

Poner los parentesis utilizando:

a (b - c) = ab - a c

a = 3, b = 1, c = cos^{2} (x)

= 3 \cdot 1 - 3 cos^{2} (x)

Multiplicar los numeros:

3 \cdot 1 = 3

= 3 - 3 cos^{2} (x)

= - 2 + 2 cos^{4} (x) + 3 - 3 cos^{2} (x)

Simplificar

- 2 + 2 cos^{4} (x) + 3 - 3 cos^{2} (x) : 2 cos^{4} (x) - 3 cos^{2} (x) + 1

- 2 + 2 cos^{4} (x) + 3 - 3 cos^{2} (x)

Agrupar términos semejantes

= 2 cos^{4} (x) - 3 cos^{2} (x) - 2 + 3

Sumar/restar lo siguiente:

- 2 + 3 = 1

= 2 cos^{4} (x) - 3 cos^{2} (x) + 1

= 2 cos^{4} (x) - 3 cos^{2} (x) + 1

= 2 cos^{4} (x) - 3 cos^{2} (x) + 1

1 + 2 cos^{4} (x) - 3 cos^{2} (x) = 0

Usando el método de sustitución

1 + 2 cos^{4} (x) - 3 cos^{2} (x) = 0

Sea:

cos (x) = u

1 + 2 u^{4} - 3 u^{2} = 0

1 + 2 u^{4} - 3 u^{2} = 0 : u = 1, u = - 1, u = \frac{1}{2}, u = - \frac{1}{2}

1 + 2 u^{4} - 3 u^{2} = 0

Escribir en la forma binómica

a_{n} x^{n} + \dots + a_{1} x + a_{0} = 0

2 u^{4} - 3 u^{2} + 1 = 0

Re-escribir la ecuación con

v = u^{2}

v^{2} = u^{4}

2 v^{2} - 3 v + 1 = 0

Resolver

2 v^{2} - 3 v + 1 = 0 : v = 1, v = \frac{1}{2}

2 v^{2} - 3 v + 1 = 0

Resolver con la fórmula general para ecuaciones de segundo grado:

2 v^{2} - 3 v + 1 = 0

Formula general para ecuaciones de segundo grado:

Para

a = 2, b = - 3, c = 1

v_{1, 2} = \frac{- ( - 3 ) \pm ( - 3 ) ^{2} - 4 \cdot 2 \cdot 1}{2 \cdot 2}

v_{1, 2} = \frac{- ( - 3 ) \pm ( - 3 ) ^{2} - 4 \cdot 2 \cdot 1}{2 \cdot 2}

(- 3)^{2} - 4 \cdot 2 \cdot 1 = 1

(- 3)^{2} - 4 \cdot 2 \cdot 1

Aplicar las leyes de los exponentes:

(- a)^{n} = a^{n},

n

es par

(- 3)^{2} = 3^{2}

= 3^{2} - 4 \cdot 2 \cdot 1

Multiplicar los numeros:

4 \cdot 2 \cdot 1 = 8

= 3^{2} - 8

3^{2} = 9

= 9 - 8

Restar:

9 - 8 = 1

= 1

Aplicar la regla

1 = 1

= 1

v_{1, 2} = \frac{- ( - 3 ) \pm 1}{2 \cdot 2}

Separar las soluciones

v_{1} = \frac{- ( - 3 ) + 1}{2 \cdot 2}, v_{2} = \frac{- ( - 3 ) - 1}{2 \cdot 2}

v = \frac{- ( - 3 ) + 1}{2 \cdot 2} : 1

\frac{- ( - 3 ) + 1}{2 \cdot 2}

Aplicar la regla

- (- a) = a

= \frac{3 + 1}{2 \cdot 2}

Sumar:

3 + 1 = 4

= \frac{4}{2 \cdot 2}

Multiplicar los numeros:

2 \cdot 2 = 4

= \frac{4}{4}

Aplicar la regla

\frac{a}{a} = 1

= 1

v = \frac{- ( - 3 ) - 1}{2 \cdot 2} : \frac{1}{2}

\frac{- ( - 3 ) - 1}{2 \cdot 2}

Aplicar la regla

- (- a) = a

= \frac{3 - 1}{2 \cdot 2}

Restar:

3 - 1 = 2

= \frac{2}{2 \cdot 2}

Multiplicar los numeros:

2 \cdot 2 = 4

= \frac{2}{4}

Eliminar los terminos comunes:

2

= \frac{1}{2}

Las soluciones a la ecuación de segundo grado son:

v = 1, v = \frac{1}{2}

v = 1, v = \frac{1}{2}

Sustituir hacia atrás la

v = u^{2},

resolver para

u

Resolver

u^{2} = 1 : u = 1, u = - 1

u^{2} = 1

Para

x^{2} = f (a)

las soluciones son

x = f (a), - f (a)

u = 1, u = - 1

1 = 1

1

Aplicar la regla

1 = 1

= 1

- 1 = - 1

- 1

Aplicar la regla

1 = 1

= - 1

u = 1, u = - 1

Resolver

u^{2} = \frac{1}{2} : u = \frac{1}{2}, u = - \frac{1}{2}

u^{2} = \frac{1}{2}

Para

x^{2} = f (a)

las soluciones son

x = f (a), - f (a)

u = \frac{1}{2}, u = - \frac{1}{2}

Las soluciones son

u = 1, u = - 1, u = \frac{1}{2}, u = - \frac{1}{2}

Sustituir en la ecuación

u = cos (x)

cos (x) = 1, cos (x) = - 1, cos (x) = \frac{1}{2}, cos (x) = - \frac{1}{2}

cos (x) = 1, cos (x) = - 1, cos (x) = \frac{1}{2}, cos (x) = - \frac{1}{2}

cos (x) = 1 : x = 2 πn

cos (x) = 1

Soluciones generales para

cos (x) = 1

cos (x)

tabla de valores periódicos con

2 πn

intervalos:

x 0 \frac{π}{6} \frac{π}{4} \frac{π}{3} \frac{π}{2} \frac{2 π}{3} \frac{3 π}{4} \frac{5 π}{6} cos (x) 1 \frac{3}{2} \frac{2}{2} \frac{1}{2} 0 - \frac{1}{2} - \frac{2}{2} - \frac{3}{2} x π \frac{7 π}{6} \frac{5 π}{4} \frac{4 π}{3} \frac{3 π}{2} \frac{5 π}{3} \frac{7 π}{4} \frac{11 π}{6} cos (x) - 1 - \frac{3}{2} - \frac{2}{2} - \frac{1}{2} 0 \frac{1}{2} \frac{2}{2} \frac{3}{2}

x = 0 + 2 πn

x = 0 + 2 πn

Resolver

x = 0 + 2 πn : x = 2 πn

x = 0 + 2 πn

0 + 2 πn = 2 πn

x = 2 πn

x = 2 πn

cos (x) = - 1 : x = π + 2 πn

cos (x) = - 1

Soluciones generales para

cos (x) = - 1

cos (x)

tabla de valores periódicos con

2 πn

intervalos:

x 0 \frac{π}{6} \frac{π}{4} \frac{π}{3} \frac{π}{2} \frac{2 π}{3} \frac{3 π}{4} \frac{5 π}{6} cos (x) 1 \frac{3}{2} \frac{2}{2} \frac{1}{2} 0 - \frac{1}{2} - \frac{2}{2} - \frac{3}{2} x π \frac{7 π}{6} \frac{5 π}{4} \frac{4 π}{3} \frac{3 π}{2} \frac{5 π}{3} \frac{7 π}{4} \frac{11 π}{6} cos (x) - 1 - \frac{3}{2} - \frac{2}{2} - \frac{1}{2} 0 \frac{1}{2} \frac{2}{2} \frac{3}{2}

x = π + 2 πn

x = π + 2 πn

cos (x) = \frac{1}{2} : x = arccos (\frac{1}{2}) + 2 πn, x = 2 π - arccos (\frac{1}{2}) + 2 πn

cos (x) = \frac{1}{2}

Aplicar propiedades trigonométricas inversas

cos (x) = \frac{1}{2}

Soluciones generales para

cos (x) = \frac{1}{2}

cos (x) = a \Rightarrow x = arccos (a) + 2 πn, x = 2 π - arccos (a) + 2 πn

x = arccos (\frac{1}{2}) + 2 πn, x = 2 π - arccos (\frac{1}{2}) + 2 πn

x = arccos (\frac{1}{2}) + 2 πn, x = 2 π - arccos (\frac{1}{2}) + 2 πn

cos (x) = - \frac{1}{2} : x = arccos (- \frac{1}{2}) + 2 πn, x = - arccos (- \frac{1}{2}) + 2 πn

cos (x) = - \frac{1}{2}

Aplicar propiedades trigonométricas inversas

cos (x) = - \frac{1}{2}

Soluciones generales para

cos (x) = - \frac{1}{2}

cos (x) = - a \Rightarrow x = arccos (- a) + 2 πn, x = - arccos (- a) + 2 πn

x = arccos (- \frac{1}{2}) + 2 πn, x = - arccos (- \frac{1}{2}) + 2 πn

x = arccos (- \frac{1}{2}) + 2 πn, x = - arccos (- \frac{1}{2}) + 2 πn

Combinar toda las soluciones

x = 2 πn, x = π + 2 πn, x = arccos (\frac{1}{2}) + 2 πn, x = 2 π - arccos (\frac{1}{2}) + 2 πn, x = arccos (- \frac{1}{2}) + 2 πn, x = - arccos (- \frac{1}{2}) + 2 πn

Mostrar soluciones en forma decimal

x = 2 πn, x = π + 2 πn, x = 0.78539 \dots + 2 πn, x = 2 π - 0.78539 \dots + 2 πn, x = 2.35619 \dots + 2 πn, x = - 2.35619 \dots + 2 πn

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