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tan(x)-cot(x)=2cot^2(x)

Solución

tan (x) - cot (x) = 2 cot^{2} (x)

Solución

x = 0.98930 \dots + πn

Grados

x = 56.68315 \dots^{\circ} + 18 0^{\circ} n

Pasos de solución

tan (x) - cot (x) = 2 cot^{2} (x)

Restar

2 cot^{2} (x)

de ambos lados

tan (x) - cot (x) - 2 cot^{2} (x) = 0

Re-escribir usando identidades trigonométricas

- cot (x) + tan (x) - 2 cot^{2} (x)

Utilizar la identidad trigonométrica básica:

tan (x) = \frac{1}{cot ( x )}

= - cot (x) + \frac{1}{cot ( x )} - 2 cot^{2} (x)

- cot (x) + \frac{1}{cot ( x )} - 2 cot^{2} (x) = 0

Usando el método de sustitución

- cot (x) + \frac{1}{cot ( x )} - 2 cot^{2} (x) = 0

Sea:

cot (x) = u

- u + \frac{1}{u} - 2 u^{2} = 0

- u + \frac{1}{u} - 2 u^{2} = 0 : u \approx 0.65729 \dots

- u + \frac{1}{u} - 2 u^{2} = 0

Multiplicar ambos lados por

u

- u + \frac{1}{u} - 2 u^{2} = 0

Multiplicar ambos lados por

u

- uu + \frac{1}{u} u - 2 u^{2} u = 0 \cdot u

Simplificar

- uu + \frac{1}{u} u - 2 u^{2} u = 0 \cdot u

Simplificar

- uu : - u^{2}

- uu

Aplicar las leyes de los exponentes:

a^{b} \cdot a^{c} = a^{b + c}

uu = u^{1 + 1}

= - u^{1 + 1}

Sumar:

1 + 1 = 2

= - u^{2}

Simplificar

\frac{1}{u} u : 1

\frac{1}{u} u

Multiplicar fracciones:

a \cdot \frac{b}{c} = \frac{a \cdot b}{c}

= \frac{1 \cdot u}{u}

Eliminar los terminos comunes:

u

= 1

Simplificar

- 2 u^{2} u : - 2 u^{3}

- 2 u^{2} u

Aplicar las leyes de los exponentes:

a^{b} \cdot a^{c} = a^{b + c}

u^{2} u = u^{2 + 1}

= - 2 u^{2 + 1}

Sumar:

2 + 1 = 3

= - 2 u^{3}

Simplificar

0 \cdot u : 0

0 \cdot u

Aplicar la regla

0 \cdot a = 0

= 0

- u^{2} + 1 - 2 u^{3} = 0

- u^{2} + 1 - 2 u^{3} = 0

- u^{2} + 1 - 2 u^{3} = 0

Resolver

- u^{2} + 1 - 2 u^{3} = 0 : u \approx 0.65729 \dots

- u^{2} + 1 - 2 u^{3} = 0

Escribir en la forma binómica

a_{n} x^{n} + \dots + a_{1} x + a_{0} = 0

- 2 u^{3} - u^{2} + 1 = 0

Encontrar una solución para

- 2 u^{3} - u^{2} + 1 = 0

utilizando el método de Newton-Raphson:

u \approx 0.65729 \dots

- 2 u^{3} - u^{2} + 1 = 0

Definición del método de Newton-Raphson

f (u) = - 2 u^{3} - u^{2} + 1

Hallar

f^{^{'}} (u) : - 6 u^{2} - 2 u

\frac{d}{d u} (- 2 u^{3} - u^{2} + 1)

Aplicar la regla de la suma/diferencia:

(f \pm g)^{'} = f^{'} \pm g^{'}

= - \frac{d}{d u} (2 u^{3}) - \frac{d}{d u} (u^{2}) + \frac{d}{d u} (1)

\frac{d}{d u} (2 u^{3}) = 6 u^{2}

\frac{d}{d u} (2 u^{3})

Sacar la constante:

(a \cdot f)^{'} = a \cdot f^{'}

= 2 \frac{d}{d u} (u^{3})

Aplicar la regla de la potencia:

\frac{d}{d x} (x^{a}) = a \cdot x^{a - 1}

= 2 \cdot 3 u^{3 - 1}

Simplificar

= 6 u^{2}

\frac{d}{d u} (u^{2}) = 2 u

\frac{d}{d u} (u^{2})

Aplicar la regla de la potencia:

\frac{d}{d x} (x^{a}) = a \cdot x^{a - 1}

= 2 u^{2 - 1}

Simplificar

= 2 u

\frac{d}{d u} (1) = 0

\frac{d}{d u} (1)

Derivada de una constante:

\frac{d}{d x} (a) = 0

= 0

= - 6 u^{2} - 2 u + 0

Simplificar

= - 6 u^{2} - 2 u

Sea

u_{0} = 1

Calcular

u_{n + 1}

hasta que

Δ u_{n + 1} < 0.000001

u_{1} = 0.75 : Δ u_{1} = 0.25

f (u_{0}) = - 2 \cdot 1^{3} - 1^{2} + 1 = - 2

f^{^{'}} (u_{0}) = - 6 \cdot 1^{2} - 2 \cdot 1 = - 8

u_{1} = 0.75

Δ u_{1} = ∣ 0.75 - 1 ∣ = 0.25

Δ u_{1} = 0.25

u_{2} = 0.66666 \dots : Δ u_{2} = 0.08333 \dots

f (u_{1}) = - 2 \cdot 0.7 5^{3} - 0.7 5^{2} + 1 = - 0.40625

f^{^{'}} (u_{1}) = - 6 \cdot 0.7 5^{2} - 2 \cdot 0.75 = - 4.875

u_{2} = 0.66666 \dots

Δ u_{2} = ∣ 0.66666 \dots - 0.75 ∣ = 0.08333 \dots

Δ u_{2} = 0.08333 \dots

u_{3} = 0.65740 \dots : Δ u_{3} = 0.00925 \dots

f (u_{2}) = - 2 \cdot 0.66666 \dots^{3} - 0.66666 \dots^{2} + 1 = - 0.03703 \dots

f^{^{'}} (u_{2}) = - 6 \cdot 0.66666 \dots^{2} - 2 \cdot 0.66666 \dots = - 4

u_{3} = 0.65740 \dots

Δ u_{3} = ∣ 0.65740 \dots - 0.66666 \dots ∣ = 0.00925 \dots

Δ u_{3} = 0.00925 \dots

u_{4} = 0.65729 \dots : Δ u_{4} = 0.00010 \dots

f (u_{3}) = - 2 \cdot 0.65740 \dots^{3} - 0.65740 \dots^{2} + 1 = - 0.00042 \dots

f^{^{'}} (u_{3}) = - 6 \cdot 0.65740 \dots^{2} - 2 \cdot 0.65740 \dots = - 3.90792 \dots

u_{4} = 0.65729 \dots

Δ u_{4} = ∣ 0.65729 \dots - 0.65740 \dots ∣ = 0.00010 \dots

Δ u_{4} = 0.00010 \dots

u_{5} = 0.65729 \dots : Δ u_{5} = 1.51148 E - 8

f (u_{4}) = - 2 \cdot 0.65729 \dots^{3} - 0.65729 \dots^{2} + 1 = - 5.90512 E - 8

f^{^{'}} (u_{4}) = - 6 \cdot 0.65729 \dots^{2} - 2 \cdot 0.65729 \dots = - 3.90684 \dots

u_{5} = 0.65729 \dots

Δ u_{5} = ∣ 0.65729 \dots - 0.65729 \dots ∣ = 1.51148 E - 8

Δ u_{5} = 1.51148 E - 8

u \approx 0.65729 \dots

Aplicar la división larga

Eq u a t i o n 0 : \frac{- 2 u ^{3} - u ^{2} + 1}{u - 0.65729 \dots} = - 2 u^{2} - 2.31459 \dots u - 1.52137 \dots

- 2 u^{2} - 2.31459 \dots u - 1.52137 \dots \approx 0

Encontrar una solución para

- 2 u^{2} - 2.31459 \dots u - 1.52137 \dots = 0

utilizando el método de Newton-Raphson:

Sin solución para

u \in R

- 2 u^{2} - 2.31459 \dots u - 1.52137 \dots = 0

Definición del método de Newton-Raphson

f (u) = - 2 u^{2} - 2.31459 \dots u - 1.52137 \dots

Hallar

f^{^{'}} (u) : - 4 u - 2.31459 \dots

\frac{d}{d u} (- 2 u^{2} - 2.31459 \dots u - 1.52137 \dots)

Aplicar la regla de la suma/diferencia:

(f \pm g)^{'} = f^{'} \pm g^{'}

= - \frac{d}{d u} (2 u^{2}) - \frac{d}{d u} (2.31459 \dots u) - \frac{d}{d u} (1.52137 \dots)

\frac{d}{d u} (2 u^{2}) = 4 u

\frac{d}{d u} (2 u^{2})

Sacar la constante:

(a \cdot f)^{'} = a \cdot f^{'}

= 2 \frac{d}{d u} (u^{2})

Aplicar la regla de la potencia:

\frac{d}{d x} (x^{a}) = a \cdot x^{a - 1}

= 2 \cdot 2 u^{2 - 1}

Simplificar

= 4 u

\frac{d}{d u} (2.31459 \dots u) = 2.31459 \dots

\frac{d}{d u} (2.31459 \dots u)

Sacar la constante:

(a \cdot f)^{'} = a \cdot f^{'}

= 2.31459 \dots \frac{d u}{d u}

Aplicar la regla de derivación:

\frac{d u}{d u} = 1

= 2.31459 \dots \cdot 1

Simplificar

= 2.31459 \dots

\frac{d}{d u} (1.52137 \dots) = 0

\frac{d}{d u} (1.52137 \dots)

Derivada de una constante:

\frac{d}{d x} (a) = 0

= 0

= - 4 u - 2.31459 \dots - 0

Simplificar

= - 4 u - 2.31459 \dots

Sea

u_{0} = - 1

Calcular

u_{n + 1}

hasta que

Δ u_{n + 1} < 0.000001

u_{1} = - 0.28397 \dots : Δ u_{1} = 0.71602 \dots

f (u_{0}) = - 2 (- 1)^{2} - 2.31459 \dots (- 1) - 1.52137 \dots = - 1.20678 \dots

f^{^{'}} (u_{0}) = - 4 (- 1) - 2.31459 \dots = 1.68540 \dots

u_{1} = - 0.28397 \dots

Δ u_{1} = ∣ - 0.28397 \dots - (- 1) ∣ = 0.71602 \dots

Δ u_{1} = 0.71602 \dots

u_{2} = - 1.15391 \dots : Δ u_{2} = 0.86993 \dots

f (u_{1}) = - 2 (- 0.28397 \dots)^{2} - 2.31459 \dots (- 0.28397 \dots) - 1.52137 \dots = - 1.02537 \dots

f^{^{'}} (u_{1}) = - 4 (- 0.28397 \dots) - 2.31459 \dots = - 1.17867 \dots

u_{2} = - 1.15391 \dots

Δ u_{2} = ∣ - 1.15391 \dots - (- 0.28397 \dots) ∣ = 0.86993 \dots

Δ u_{2} = 0.86993 \dots

u_{3} = - 0.49614 \dots : Δ u_{3} = 0.65777 \dots

f (u_{2}) = - 2 (- 1.15391 \dots)^{2} - 2.31459 \dots (- 1.15391 \dots) - 1.52137 \dots = - 1.51356 \dots

f^{^{'}} (u_{2}) = - 4 (- 1.15391 \dots) - 2.31459 \dots = 2.30105 \dots

u_{3} = - 0.49614 \dots

Δ u_{3} = ∣ - 0.49614 \dots - (- 1.15391 \dots) ∣ = 0.65777 \dots

Δ u_{3} = 0.65777 \dots

u_{4} = - 3.11809 \dots : Δ u_{4} = 2.62195 \dots

f (u_{3}) = - 2 (- 0.49614 \dots)^{2} - 2.31459 \dots (- 0.49614 \dots) - 1.52137 \dots = - 0.86532 \dots

f^{^{'}} (u_{3}) = - 4 (- 0.49614 \dots) - 2.31459 \dots = - 0.33003 \dots

u_{4} = - 3.11809 \dots

Δ u_{4} = ∣ - 3.11809 \dots - (- 0.49614 \dots) ∣ = 2.62195 \dots

Δ u_{4} = 2.62195 \dots

u_{5} = - 1.76452 \dots : Δ u_{5} = 1.35357 \dots

f (u_{4}) = - 2 (- 3.11809 \dots)^{2} - 2.31459 \dots (- 3.11809 \dots) - 1.52137 \dots = - 13.74928 \dots

f^{^{'}} (u_{4}) = - 4 (- 3.11809 \dots) - 2.31459 \dots = 10.15778 \dots

u_{5} = - 1.76452 \dots

Δ u_{5} = ∣ - 1.76452 \dots - (- 3.11809 \dots) ∣ = 1.35357 \dots

Δ u_{5} = 1.35357 \dots

u_{6} = - 0.99203 \dots : Δ u_{6} = 0.77249 \dots

f (u_{5}) = - 2 (- 1.76452 \dots)^{2} - 2.31459 \dots (- 1.76452 \dots) - 1.52137 \dots = - 3.66430 \dots

f^{^{'}} (u_{5}) = - 4 (- 1.76452 \dots) - 2.31459 \dots = 4.74350 \dots

u_{6} = - 0.99203 \dots

Δ u_{6} = ∣ - 0.99203 \dots - (- 1.76452 \dots) ∣ = 0.77249 \dots

Δ u_{6} = 0.77249 \dots

u_{7} = - 0.27025 \dots : Δ u_{7} = 0.72177 \dots

f (u_{6}) = - 2 (- 0.99203 \dots)^{2} - 2.31459 \dots (- 0.99203 \dots) - 1.52137 \dots = - 1.19348 \dots

f^{^{'}} (u_{6}) = - 4 (- 0.99203 \dots) - 2.31459 \dots = 1.65353 \dots

u_{7} = - 0.27025 \dots

Δ u_{7} = ∣ - 0.27025 \dots - (- 0.99203 \dots) ∣ = 0.72177 \dots

Δ u_{7} = 0.72177 \dots

u_{8} = - 1.11489 \dots : Δ u_{8} = 0.84464 \dots

f (u_{7}) = - 2 (- 0.27025 \dots)^{2} - 2.31459 \dots (- 0.27025 \dots) - 1.52137 \dots = - 1.04192 \dots

f^{^{'}} (u_{7}) = - 4 (- 0.27025 \dots) - 2.31459 \dots = - 1.23356 \dots

u_{8} = - 1.11489 \dots

Δ u_{8} = ∣ - 1.11489 \dots - (- 0.27025 \dots) ∣ = 0.84464 \dots

Δ u_{8} = 0.84464 \dots

u_{9} = - 0.44970 \dots : Δ u_{9} = 0.66519 \dots

f (u_{8}) = - 2 (- 1.11489 \dots)^{2} - 2.31459 \dots (- 1.11489 \dots) - 1.52137 \dots = - 1.42683 \dots

f^{^{'}} (u_{8}) = - 4 (- 1.11489 \dots) - 2.31459 \dots = 2.14500 \dots

u_{9} = - 0.44970 \dots

Δ u_{9} = ∣ - 0.44970 \dots - (- 1.11489 \dots) ∣ = 0.66519 \dots

Δ u_{9} = 0.66519 \dots

u_{10} = - 2.16551 \dots : Δ u_{10} = 1.71580 \dots

f (u_{9}) = - 2 (- 0.44970 \dots)^{2} - 2.31459 \dots (- 0.44970 \dots) - 1.52137 \dots = - 0.88496 \dots

f^{^{'}} (u_{9}) = - 4 (- 0.44970 \dots) - 2.31459 \dots = - 0.51576 \dots

u_{10} = - 2.16551 \dots

Δ u_{10} = ∣ - 2.16551 \dots - (- 0.44970 \dots) ∣ = 1.71580 \dots

Δ u_{10} = 1.71580 \dots

No se puede encontrar solución

La solución es

u \approx 0.65729 \dots

u \approx 0.65729 \dots

Verificar las soluciones

Encontrar los puntos no definidos (singularidades):

u = 0

Tomar el(los) denominador(es) de

- u + \frac{1}{u} - 2 u^{2}

y comparar con cero

u = 0

Los siguientes puntos no están definidos

u = 0

Combinar los puntos no definidos con las soluciones:

u \approx 0.65729 \dots

Sustituir en la ecuación

u = cot (x)

cot (x) \approx 0.65729 \dots

cot (x) \approx 0.65729 \dots

cot (x) = 0.65729 \dots : x = arccot (0.65729 \dots) + πn

cot (x) = 0.65729 \dots

Aplicar propiedades trigonométricas inversas

cot (x) = 0.65729 \dots

Soluciones generales para

cot (x) = 0.65729 \dots

cot (x) = a \Rightarrow x = arccot (a) + πn

x = arccot (0.65729 \dots) + πn

x = arccot (0.65729 \dots) + πn

Combinar toda las soluciones

x = arccot (0.65729 \dots) + πn

Mostrar soluciones en forma decimal

x = 0.98930 \dots + πn

Ejemplos populares

cot((-x+3n)/4)=0

cot (\frac{- x + 3 n}{4}) = 0

sin(x)+sin^2(x)+sin^3(x)=1

sin (x) + sin^{2} (x) + sin^{3} (x) = 1

(cos(a))/(1+sin(a))=sec(a)

\frac{cos ( a )}{1 + sin ( a )} = sec (a)

cos^2(x)+sin^2(2x)=0

cos^{2} (x) + sin^{2} (2 x) = 0

2cos^2(x)+3sin^2(x)=2

2 cos^{2} (x) + 3 sin^{2} (x) = 2