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12=3sec(θ)+5csc(θ)

Solución

12 = 3 sec (θ) + 5 csc (θ)

Solución

θ = π - 0.33570 \dots + 2 πn, θ = 1.07609 \dots + 2 πn, θ = 0.65383 \dots + 2 πn, θ = - 1.39422 \dots + 2 πn

Grados

θ = 160.76534 \dots^{\circ} + 36 0^{\circ} n, θ = 61.65590 \dots^{\circ} + 36 0^{\circ} n, θ = 37.46199 \dots^{\circ} + 36 0^{\circ} n, θ = - 79.88324 \dots^{\circ} + 36 0^{\circ} n

Pasos de solución

12 = 3 sec (θ) + 5 csc (θ)

Restar

5 csc (θ)

de ambos lados

3 sec (θ) = 12 - 5 csc (θ)

Elevar al cuadrado ambos lados

(3 sec (θ))^{2} = (12 - 5 csc (θ))^{2}

Restar

(12 - 5 csc (θ))^{2}

de ambos lados

9 sec^{2} (θ) - 144 + 120 csc (θ) - 25 csc^{2} (θ) = 0

Expresar con seno, coseno

- 144 + 120 csc (θ) - 25 csc^{2} (θ) + 9 sec^{2} (θ)

Utilizar la identidad trigonométrica básica:

csc (x) = \frac{1}{sin ( x )}

= - 144 + 120 \cdot \frac{1}{sin ( θ )} - 25 (\frac{1}{sin ( θ )})^{2} + 9 sec^{2} (θ)

Utilizar la identidad trigonométrica básica:

sec (x) = \frac{1}{cos ( x )}

= - 144 + 120 \cdot \frac{1}{sin ( θ )} - 25 (\frac{1}{sin ( θ )})^{2} + 9 (\frac{1}{cos ( θ )})^{2}

Simplificar

- 144 + 120 \cdot \frac{1}{sin ( θ )} - 25 (\frac{1}{sin ( θ )})^{2} + 9 (\frac{1}{cos ( θ )})^{2} : \frac{- 144 cos ^{2} ( θ ) sin ^{2} ( θ ) + 120 cos ^{2} ( θ ) sin ( θ ) - 25 cos ^{2} ( θ ) + 9 sin ^{2} ( θ )}{cos ^{2} ( θ ) sin ^{2} ( θ )}

- 144 + 120 \cdot \frac{1}{sin ( θ )} - 25 (\frac{1}{sin ( θ )})^{2} + 9 (\frac{1}{cos ( θ )})^{2}

120 \cdot \frac{1}{sin ( θ )} = \frac{120}{sin ( θ )}

120 \cdot \frac{1}{sin ( θ )}

Multiplicar fracciones:

a \cdot \frac{b}{c} = \frac{a \cdot b}{c}

= \frac{1 \cdot 120}{sin ( θ )}

Multiplicar los numeros:

1 \cdot 120 = 120

= \frac{120}{sin ( θ )}

25 (\frac{1}{sin ( θ )})^{2} = \frac{25}{sin ^{2} ( θ )}

25 (\frac{1}{sin ( θ )})^{2}

(\frac{1}{sin ( θ )})^{2} = \frac{1}{sin ^{2} ( θ )}

(\frac{1}{sin ( θ )})^{2}

Aplicar las leyes de los exponentes:

(\frac{a}{b})^{c} = \frac{a ^{c}}{b ^{c}}

= \frac{1 ^{2}}{sin ^{2} ( θ )}

Aplicar la regla

1^{a} = 1

1^{2} = 1

= \frac{1}{sin ^{2} ( θ )}

= 25 \cdot \frac{1}{sin ^{2} ( θ )}

Multiplicar fracciones:

a \cdot \frac{b}{c} = \frac{a \cdot b}{c}

= \frac{1 \cdot 25}{sin ^{2} ( θ )}

Multiplicar los numeros:

1 \cdot 25 = 25

= \frac{25}{sin ^{2} ( θ )}

9 (\frac{1}{cos ( θ )})^{2} = \frac{9}{cos ^{2} ( θ )}

9 (\frac{1}{cos ( θ )})^{2}

(\frac{1}{cos ( θ )})^{2} = \frac{1}{cos ^{2} ( θ )}

(\frac{1}{cos ( θ )})^{2}

Aplicar las leyes de los exponentes:

(\frac{a}{b})^{c} = \frac{a ^{c}}{b ^{c}}

= \frac{1 ^{2}}{cos ^{2} ( θ )}

Aplicar la regla

1^{a} = 1

1^{2} = 1

= \frac{1}{cos ^{2} ( θ )}

= 9 \cdot \frac{1}{cos ^{2} ( θ )}

Multiplicar fracciones:

a \cdot \frac{b}{c} = \frac{a \cdot b}{c}

= \frac{1 \cdot 9}{cos ^{2} ( θ )}

Multiplicar los numeros:

1 \cdot 9 = 9

= \frac{9}{cos ^{2} ( θ )}

= - 144 + \frac{120}{sin ( θ )} - \frac{25}{sin ^{2} ( θ )} + \frac{9}{cos ^{2} ( θ )}

Convertir a fracción:

144 = \frac{144 cos ^{2} ( θ )}{cos ^{2} ( θ )}

= - \frac{144 cos ^{2} ( θ )}{cos ^{2} ( θ )} + \frac{120}{sin ( θ )} - \frac{25}{sin ^{2} ( θ )} + \frac{9}{cos ^{2} ( θ )}

Mínimo común múltiplo de

cos^{2} (θ), sin (θ), sin^{2} (θ), cos^{2} (θ) : cos^{2} (θ) sin^{2} (θ)

cos^{2} (θ), sin (θ), sin^{2} (θ), cos^{2} (θ)

Mínimo común múltiplo (MCM)

Calcular una expresión que este compuesta de factores que aparezcan en al menos una de las expresiones factorizadas

= cos^{2} (θ) sin^{2} (θ)

Reescribir las fracciones basandose en el mínimo común denominador

Multiplicar cada numerador por la misma cantidad necesaria para multiplicar el denominador correspondiente y convertirlo en el mínimo común denominador

Para

\frac{144 cos ^{2} ( θ )}{cos ^{2} ( θ )} :

multiplicar el denominador y el numerador por

sin^{2} (θ)

\frac{144 cos ^{2} ( θ )}{cos ^{2} ( θ )} = \frac{144 cos ^{2} ( θ ) sin ^{2} ( θ )}{cos ^{2} ( θ ) sin ^{2} ( θ )}

Para

\frac{120}{sin ( θ )} :

multiplicar el denominador y el numerador por

cos^{2} (θ) sin (θ)

\frac{120}{sin ( θ )} = \frac{120 cos ^{2} ( θ ) sin ( θ )}{sin ( θ ) cos ^{2} ( θ ) sin ( θ )} = \frac{120 cos ^{2} ( θ ) sin ( θ )}{cos ^{2} ( θ ) sin ^{2} ( θ )}

Para

\frac{25}{sin ^{2} ( θ )} :

multiplicar el denominador y el numerador por

cos^{2} (θ)

\frac{25}{sin ^{2} ( θ )} = \frac{25 cos ^{2} ( θ )}{sin ^{2} ( θ ) cos ^{2} ( θ )}

Para

\frac{9}{cos ^{2} ( θ )} :

multiplicar el denominador y el numerador por

sin^{2} (θ)

\frac{9}{cos ^{2} ( θ )} = \frac{9 sin ^{2} ( θ )}{cos ^{2} ( θ ) sin ^{2} ( θ )}

= - \frac{144 cos ^{2} ( θ ) sin ^{2} ( θ )}{cos ^{2} ( θ ) sin ^{2} ( θ )} + \frac{120 cos ^{2} ( θ ) sin ( θ )}{cos ^{2} ( θ ) sin ^{2} ( θ )} - \frac{25 cos ^{2} ( θ )}{sin ^{2} ( θ ) cos ^{2} ( θ )} + \frac{9 sin ^{2} ( θ )}{cos ^{2} ( θ ) sin ^{2} ( θ )}

Ya que los denominadores son iguales, combinar las fracciones:

\frac{a}{c} \pm \frac{b}{c} = \frac{a \pm b}{c}

= \frac{- 144 cos ^{2} ( θ ) sin ^{2} ( θ ) + 120 cos ^{2} ( θ ) sin ( θ ) - 25 cos ^{2} ( θ ) + 9 sin ^{2} ( θ )}{cos ^{2} ( θ ) sin ^{2} ( θ )}

= \frac{- 144 cos ^{2} ( θ ) sin ^{2} ( θ ) + 120 cos ^{2} ( θ ) sin ( θ ) - 25 cos ^{2} ( θ ) + 9 sin ^{2} ( θ )}{cos ^{2} ( θ ) sin ^{2} ( θ )}

\frac{- 25 cos ^{2} ( θ ) + 9 sin ^{2} ( θ ) + 120 cos ^{2} ( θ ) sin ( θ ) - 144 cos ^{2} ( θ ) sin ^{2} ( θ )}{cos ^{2} ( θ ) sin ^{2} ( θ )} = 0

\frac{f ( x )}{g ( x )} = 0 \Rightarrow f (x) = 0

- 25 cos^{2} (θ) + 9 sin^{2} (θ) + 120 cos^{2} (θ) sin (θ) - 144 cos^{2} (θ) sin^{2} (θ) = 0

Re-escribir usando identidades trigonométricas

- 25 cos^{2} (θ) + 9 sin^{2} (θ) + 120 cos^{2} (θ) sin (θ) - 144 cos^{2} (θ) sin^{2} (θ)

Utilizar la identidad pitagórica:

cos^{2} (x) + sin^{2} (x) = 1

cos^{2} (x) = 1 - sin^{2} (x)

= - 25 (1 - sin^{2} (θ)) + 9 sin^{2} (θ) + 120 (1 - sin^{2} (θ)) sin (θ) - 144 (1 - sin^{2} (θ)) sin^{2} (θ)

Simplificar

- 25 (1 - sin^{2} (θ)) + 9 sin^{2} (θ) + 120 (1 - sin^{2} (θ)) sin (θ) - 144 (1 - sin^{2} (θ)) sin^{2} (θ) : - 110 sin^{2} (θ) + 120 sin (θ) - 120 sin^{3} (θ) + 144 sin^{4} (θ) - 25

- 25 (1 - sin^{2} (θ)) + 9 sin^{2} (θ) + 120 (1 - sin^{2} (θ)) sin (θ) - 144 (1 - sin^{2} (θ)) sin^{2} (θ)

= - 25 (1 - sin^{2} (θ)) + 9 sin^{2} (θ) + 120 sin (θ) (1 - sin^{2} (θ)) - 144 sin^{2} (θ) (1 - sin^{2} (θ))

Expandir

- 25 (1 - sin^{2} (θ)) : - 25 + 25 sin^{2} (θ)

- 25 (1 - sin^{2} (θ))

Poner los parentesis utilizando:

a (b - c) = ab - a c

a = - 25, b = 1, c = sin^{2} (θ)

= - 25 \cdot 1 - (- 25) sin^{2} (θ)

Aplicar las reglas de los signos

- (- a) = a

= - 25 \cdot 1 + 25 sin^{2} (θ)

Multiplicar los numeros:

25 \cdot 1 = 25

= - 25 + 25 sin^{2} (θ)

= - 25 + 25 sin^{2} (θ) + 9 sin^{2} (θ) + 120 (1 - sin^{2} (θ)) sin (θ) - 144 (1 - sin^{2} (θ)) sin^{2} (θ)

Expandir

120 sin (θ) (1 - sin^{2} (θ)) : 120 sin (θ) - 120 sin^{3} (θ)

120 sin (θ) (1 - sin^{2} (θ))

Poner los parentesis utilizando:

a (b - c) = ab - a c

a = 120 sin (θ), b = 1, c = sin^{2} (θ)

= 120 sin (θ) \cdot 1 - 120 sin (θ) sin^{2} (θ)

= 120 \cdot 1 \cdot sin (θ) - 120 sin^{2} (θ) sin (θ)

Simplificar

120 \cdot 1 \cdot sin (θ) - 120 sin^{2} (θ) sin (θ) : 120 sin (θ) - 120 sin^{3} (θ)

120 \cdot 1 \cdot sin (θ) - 120 sin^{2} (θ) sin (θ)

120 \cdot 1 \cdot sin (θ) = 120 sin (θ)

120 \cdot 1 \cdot sin (θ)

Multiplicar los numeros:

120 \cdot 1 = 120

= 120 sin (θ)

120 sin^{2} (θ) sin (θ) = 120 sin^{3} (θ)

120 sin^{2} (θ) sin (θ)

Aplicar las leyes de los exponentes:

a^{b} \cdot a^{c} = a^{b + c}

sin^{2} (θ) sin (θ) = sin^{2 + 1} (θ)

= 120 sin^{2 + 1} (θ)

Sumar:

2 + 1 = 3

= 120 sin^{3} (θ)

= 120 sin (θ) - 120 sin^{3} (θ)

= 120 sin (θ) - 120 sin^{3} (θ)

= - 25 + 25 sin^{2} (θ) + 9 sin^{2} (θ) + 120 sin (θ) - 120 sin^{3} (θ) - 144 (1 - sin^{2} (θ)) sin^{2} (θ)

Expandir

- 144 sin^{2} (θ) (1 - sin^{2} (θ)) : - 144 sin^{2} (θ) + 144 sin^{4} (θ)

- 144 sin^{2} (θ) (1 - sin^{2} (θ))

Poner los parentesis utilizando:

a (b - c) = ab - a c

a = - 144 sin^{2} (θ), b = 1, c = sin^{2} (θ)

= - 144 sin^{2} (θ) \cdot 1 - (- 144 sin^{2} (θ)) sin^{2} (θ)

Aplicar las reglas de los signos

- (- a) = a

= - 144 \cdot 1 \cdot sin^{2} (θ) + 144 sin^{2} (θ) sin^{2} (θ)

Simplificar

- 144 \cdot 1 \cdot sin^{2} (θ) + 144 sin^{2} (θ) sin^{2} (θ) : - 144 sin^{2} (θ) + 144 sin^{4} (θ)

- 144 \cdot 1 \cdot sin^{2} (θ) + 144 sin^{2} (θ) sin^{2} (θ)

144 \cdot 1 \cdot sin^{2} (θ) = 144 sin^{2} (θ)

144 \cdot 1 \cdot sin^{2} (θ)

Multiplicar los numeros:

144 \cdot 1 = 144

= 144 sin^{2} (θ)

144 sin^{2} (θ) sin^{2} (θ) = 144 sin^{4} (θ)

144 sin^{2} (θ) sin^{2} (θ)

Aplicar las leyes de los exponentes:

a^{b} \cdot a^{c} = a^{b + c}

sin^{2} (θ) sin^{2} (θ) = sin^{2 + 2} (θ)

= 144 sin^{2 + 2} (θ)

Sumar:

2 + 2 = 4

= 144 sin^{4} (θ)

= - 144 sin^{2} (θ) + 144 sin^{4} (θ)

= - 144 sin^{2} (θ) + 144 sin^{4} (θ)

= - 25 + 25 sin^{2} (θ) + 9 sin^{2} (θ) + 120 sin (θ) - 120 sin^{3} (θ) - 144 sin^{2} (θ) + 144 sin^{4} (θ)

Simplificar

- 25 + 25 sin^{2} (θ) + 9 sin^{2} (θ) + 120 sin (θ) - 120 sin^{3} (θ) - 144 sin^{2} (θ) + 144 sin^{4} (θ) : - 110 sin^{2} (θ) + 120 sin (θ) - 120 sin^{3} (θ) + 144 sin^{4} (θ) - 25

- 25 + 25 sin^{2} (θ) + 9 sin^{2} (θ) + 120 sin (θ) - 120 sin^{3} (θ) - 144 sin^{2} (θ) + 144 sin^{4} (θ)

Agrupar términos semejantes

= 25 sin^{2} (θ) + 9 sin^{2} (θ) + 120 sin (θ) - 120 sin^{3} (θ) - 144 sin^{2} (θ) + 144 sin^{4} (θ) - 25

Sumar elementos similares:

25 sin^{2} (θ) + 9 sin^{2} (θ) - 144 sin^{2} (θ) = - 110 sin^{2} (θ)

= - 110 sin^{2} (θ) + 120 sin (θ) - 120 sin^{3} (θ) + 144 sin^{4} (θ) - 25

= - 110 sin^{2} (θ) + 120 sin (θ) - 120 sin^{3} (θ) + 144 sin^{4} (θ) - 25

= - 110 sin^{2} (θ) + 120 sin (θ) - 120 sin^{3} (θ) + 144 sin^{4} (θ) - 25

- 25 - 110 sin^{2} (θ) + 120 sin (θ) - 120 sin^{3} (θ) + 144 sin^{4} (θ) = 0

Usando el método de sustitución

- 25 - 110 sin^{2} (θ) + 120 sin (θ) - 120 sin^{3} (θ) + 144 sin^{4} (θ) = 0

Sea:

sin (θ) = u

- 25 - 110 u^{2} + 120 u - 120 u^{3} + 144 u^{4} = 0

- 25 - 110 u^{2} + 120 u - 120 u^{3} + 144 u^{4} = 0 : u \approx 0.32943 \dots, u \approx 0.88011 \dots, u \approx 0.60823 \dots, u \approx - 0.98445 \dots

- 25 - 110 u^{2} + 120 u - 120 u^{3} + 144 u^{4} = 0

Escribir en la forma binómica

a_{n} x^{n} + \dots + a_{1} x + a_{0} = 0

144 u^{4} - 120 u^{3} - 110 u^{2} + 120 u - 25 = 0

Encontrar una solución para

144 u^{4} - 120 u^{3} - 110 u^{2} + 120 u - 25 = 0

utilizando el método de Newton-Raphson:

u \approx 0.32943 \dots

144 u^{4} - 120 u^{3} - 110 u^{2} + 120 u - 25 = 0

Definición del método de Newton-Raphson

f (u) = 144 u^{4} - 120 u^{3} - 110 u^{2} + 120 u - 25

Hallar

f^{^{'}} (u) : 576 u^{3} - 360 u^{2} - 220 u + 120

\frac{d}{d u} (144 u^{4} - 120 u^{3} - 110 u^{2} + 120 u - 25)

Aplicar la regla de la suma/diferencia:

(f \pm g)^{'} = f^{'} \pm g^{'}

= \frac{d}{d u} (144 u^{4}) - \frac{d}{d u} (120 u^{3}) - \frac{d}{d u} (110 u^{2}) + \frac{d}{d u} (120 u) - \frac{d}{d u} (25)

\frac{d}{d u} (144 u^{4}) = 576 u^{3}

\frac{d}{d u} (144 u^{4})

Sacar la constante:

(a \cdot f)^{'} = a \cdot f^{'}

= 144 \frac{d}{d u} (u^{4})

Aplicar la regla de la potencia:

\frac{d}{d x} (x^{a}) = a \cdot x^{a - 1}

= 144 \cdot 4 u^{4 - 1}

Simplificar

= 576 u^{3}

\frac{d}{d u} (120 u^{3}) = 360 u^{2}

\frac{d}{d u} (120 u^{3})

Sacar la constante:

(a \cdot f)^{'} = a \cdot f^{'}

= 120 \frac{d}{d u} (u^{3})

Aplicar la regla de la potencia:

\frac{d}{d x} (x^{a}) = a \cdot x^{a - 1}

= 120 \cdot 3 u^{3 - 1}

Simplificar

= 360 u^{2}

\frac{d}{d u} (110 u^{2}) = 220 u

\frac{d}{d u} (110 u^{2})

Sacar la constante:

(a \cdot f)^{'} = a \cdot f^{'}

= 110 \frac{d}{d u} (u^{2})

Aplicar la regla de la potencia:

\frac{d}{d x} (x^{a}) = a \cdot x^{a - 1}

= 110 \cdot 2 u^{2 - 1}

Simplificar

= 220 u

\frac{d}{d u} (120 u) = 120

\frac{d}{d u} (120 u)

Sacar la constante:

(a \cdot f)^{'} = a \cdot f^{'}

= 120 \frac{d u}{d u}

Aplicar la regla de derivación:

\frac{d u}{d u} = 1

= 120 \cdot 1

Simplificar

= 120

\frac{d}{d u} (25) = 0

\frac{d}{d u} (25)

Derivada de una constante:

\frac{d}{d x} (a) = 0

= 0

= 576 u^{3} - 360 u^{2} - 220 u + 120 - 0

Simplificar

= 576 u^{3} - 360 u^{2} - 220 u + 120

Sea

u_{0} = 0

Calcular

u_{n + 1}

hasta que

Δ u_{n + 1} < 0.000001

u_{1} = 0.20833 \dots : Δ u_{1} = 0.20833 \dots

f (u_{0}) = 144 \cdot 0^{4} - 120 \cdot 0^{3} - 110 \cdot 0^{2} + 120 \cdot 0 - 25 = - 25

f^{^{'}} (u_{0}) = 576 \cdot 0^{3} - 360 \cdot 0^{2} - 220 \cdot 0 + 120 = 120

u_{1} = 0.20833 \dots

Δ u_{1} = ∣ 0.20833 \dots - 0 ∣ = 0.20833 \dots

Δ u_{1} = 0.20833 \dots

u_{2} = 0.29598 \dots : Δ u_{2} = 0.08765 \dots

f (u_{1}) = 144 \cdot 0.20833 \dots^{4} - 120 \cdot 0.20833 \dots^{3} - 110 \cdot 0.20833 \dots^{2} + 120 \cdot 0.20833 \dots - 25 = - 5.58810 \dots

f^{^{'}} (u_{1}) = 576 \cdot 0.20833 \dots^{3} - 360 \cdot 0.20833 \dots^{2} - 220 \cdot 0.20833 \dots + 120 = 63.75

u_{2} = 0.29598 \dots

Δ u_{2} = ∣ 0.29598 \dots - 0.20833 \dots ∣ = 0.08765 \dots

Δ u_{2} = 0.08765 \dots

u_{3} = 0.32537 \dots : Δ u_{3} = 0.02938 \dots

f (u_{2}) = 144 \cdot 0.29598 \dots^{4} - 120 \cdot 0.29598 \dots^{3} - 110 \cdot 0.29598 \dots^{2} + 120 \cdot 0.29598 \dots - 25 = - 1.12484 \dots

f^{^{'}} (u_{2}) = 576 \cdot 0.29598 \dots^{3} - 360 \cdot 0.29598 \dots^{2} - 220 \cdot 0.29598 \dots + 120 = 38.27925 \dots

u_{3} = 0.32537 \dots

Δ u_{3} = ∣ 0.32537 \dots - 0.29598 \dots ∣ = 0.02938 \dots

Δ u_{3} = 0.02938 \dots

u_{4} = 0.32936 \dots : Δ u_{4} = 0.00398 \dots

f (u_{3}) = 144 \cdot 0.32537 \dots^{4} - 120 \cdot 0.32537 \dots^{3} - 110 \cdot 0.32537 \dots^{2} + 120 \cdot 0.32537 \dots - 25 = - 0.12024 \dots

f^{^{'}} (u_{3}) = 576 \cdot 0.32537 \dots^{3} - 360 \cdot 0.32537 \dots^{2} - 220 \cdot 0.32537 \dots + 120 = 30.14620 \dots

u_{4} = 0.32936 \dots

Δ u_{4} = ∣ 0.32936 \dots - 0.32537 \dots ∣ = 0.00398 \dots

Δ u_{4} = 0.00398 \dots

u_{5} = 0.32943 \dots : Δ u_{5} = 0.00007 \dots

f (u_{4}) = 144 \cdot 0.32936 \dots^{4} - 120 \cdot 0.32936 \dots^{3} - 110 \cdot 0.32936 \dots^{2} + 120 \cdot 0.32936 \dots - 25 = - 0.00215 \dots

f^{^{'}} (u_{4}) = 576 \cdot 0.32936 \dots^{3} - 360 \cdot 0.32936 \dots^{2} - 220 \cdot 0.32936 \dots + 120 = 29.06722 \dots

u_{5} = 0.32943 \dots

Δ u_{5} = ∣ 0.32943 \dots - 0.32936 \dots ∣ = 0.00007 \dots

Δ u_{5} = 0.00007 \dots

u_{6} = 0.32943 \dots : Δ u_{6} = 2.54922 E - 8

f (u_{5}) = 144 \cdot 0.32943 \dots^{4} - 120 \cdot 0.32943 \dots^{3} - 110 \cdot 0.32943 \dots^{2} + 120 \cdot 0.32943 \dots - 25 = - 7.40478 E - 7

f^{^{'}} (u_{5}) = 576 \cdot 0.32943 \dots^{3} - 360 \cdot 0.32943 \dots^{2} - 220 \cdot 0.32943 \dots + 120 = 29.04723 \dots

u_{6} = 0.32943 \dots

Δ u_{6} = ∣ 0.32943 \dots - 0.32943 \dots ∣ = 2.54922 E - 8

Δ u_{6} = 2.54922 E - 8

u \approx 0.32943 \dots

Aplicar la división larga

Eq u a t i o n 0 : \frac{144 u ^{4} - 120 u ^{3} - 110 u ^{2} + 120 u - 25}{u - 0.32943 \dots} = 144 u^{3} - 72.56094 \dots u^{2} - 133.90432 \dots u + 75.88684 \dots

144 u^{3} - 72.56094 \dots u^{2} - 133.90432 \dots u + 75.88684 \dots \approx 0

Encontrar una solución para

144 u^{3} - 72.56094 \dots u^{2} - 133.90432 \dots u + 75.88684 \dots = 0

utilizando el método de Newton-Raphson:

u \approx 0.88011 \dots

144 u^{3} - 72.56094 \dots u^{2} - 133.90432 \dots u + 75.88684 \dots = 0

Definición del método de Newton-Raphson

f (u) = 144 u^{3} - 72.56094 \dots u^{2} - 133.90432 \dots u + 75.88684 \dots

Hallar

f^{^{'}} (u) : 432 u^{2} - 145.12189 \dots u - 133.90432 \dots

\frac{d}{d u} (144 u^{3} - 72.56094 \dots u^{2} - 133.90432 \dots u + 75.88684 \dots)

Aplicar la regla de la suma/diferencia:

(f \pm g)^{'} = f^{'} \pm g^{'}

= \frac{d}{d u} (144 u^{3}) - \frac{d}{d u} (72.56094 \dots u^{2}) - \frac{d}{d u} (133.90432 \dots u) + \frac{d}{d u} (75.88684 \dots)

\frac{d}{d u} (144 u^{3}) = 432 u^{2}

\frac{d}{d u} (144 u^{3})

Sacar la constante:

(a \cdot f)^{'} = a \cdot f^{'}

= 144 \frac{d}{d u} (u^{3})

Aplicar la regla de la potencia:

\frac{d}{d x} (x^{a}) = a \cdot x^{a - 1}

= 144 \cdot 3 u^{3 - 1}

Simplificar

= 432 u^{2}

\frac{d}{d u} (72.56094 \dots u^{2}) = 145.12189 \dots u

\frac{d}{d u} (72.56094 \dots u^{2})

Sacar la constante:

(a \cdot f)^{'} = a \cdot f^{'}

= 72.56094 \dots \frac{d}{d u} (u^{2})

Aplicar la regla de la potencia:

\frac{d}{d x} (x^{a}) = a \cdot x^{a - 1}

= 72.56094 \dots \cdot 2 u^{2 - 1}

Simplificar

= 145.12189 \dots u

\frac{d}{d u} (133.90432 \dots u) = 133.90432 \dots

\frac{d}{d u} (133.90432 \dots u)

Sacar la constante:

(a \cdot f)^{'} = a \cdot f^{'}

= 133.90432 \dots \frac{d u}{d u}

Aplicar la regla de derivación:

\frac{d u}{d u} = 1

= 133.90432 \dots \cdot 1

Simplificar

= 133.90432 \dots

\frac{d}{d u} (75.88684 \dots) = 0

\frac{d}{d u} (75.88684 \dots)

Derivada de una constante:

\frac{d}{d x} (a) = 0

= 0

= 432 u^{2} - 145.12189 \dots u - 133.90432 \dots + 0

Simplificar

= 432 u^{2} - 145.12189 \dots u - 133.90432 \dots

Sea

u_{0} = 1

Calcular

u_{n + 1}

hasta que

Δ u_{n + 1} < 0.000001

u_{1} = 0.91226 \dots : Δ u_{1} = 0.08773 \dots

f (u_{0}) = 144 \cdot 1^{3} - 72.56094 \dots \cdot 1^{2} - 133.90432 \dots \cdot 1 + 75.88684 \dots = 13.42157 \dots

f^{^{'}} (u_{0}) = 432 \cdot 1^{2} - 145.12189 \dots \cdot 1 - 133.90432 \dots = 152.97377 \dots

u_{1} = 0.91226 \dots

Δ u_{1} = ∣ 0.91226 \dots - 1 ∣ = 0.08773 \dots

Δ u_{1} = 0.08773 \dots

u_{2} = 0.88362 \dots : Δ u_{2} = 0.02863 \dots

f (u_{1}) = 144 \cdot 0.91226 \dots^{3} - 72.56094 \dots \cdot 0.91226 \dots^{2} - 133.90432 \dots \cdot 0.91226 \dots + 75.88684 \dots = 2.66967 \dots

f^{^{'}} (u_{1}) = 432 \cdot 0.91226 \dots^{2} - 145.12189 \dots \cdot 0.91226 \dots - 133.90432 \dots = 93.22653 \dots

u_{2} = 0.88362 \dots

Δ u_{2} = ∣ 0.88362 \dots - 0.91226 \dots ∣ = 0.02863 \dots

Δ u_{2} = 0.02863 \dots

u_{3} = 0.88016 \dots : Δ u_{3} = 0.00346 \dots

f (u_{2}) = 144 \cdot 0.88362 \dots^{3} - 72.56094 \dots \cdot 0.88362 \dots^{2} - 133.90432 \dots \cdot 0.88362 \dots + 75.88684 \dots = 0.26029 \dots

f^{^{'}} (u_{2}) = 432 \cdot 0.88362 \dots^{2} - 145.12189 \dots \cdot 0.88362 \dots - 133.90432 \dots = 75.16549 \dots

u_{3} = 0.88016 \dots

Δ u_{3} = ∣ 0.88016 \dots - 0.88362 \dots ∣ = 0.00346 \dots

Δ u_{3} = 0.00346 \dots

u_{4} = 0.88011 \dots : Δ u_{4} = 0.00005 \dots

f (u_{3}) = 144 \cdot 0.88016 \dots^{3} - 72.56094 \dots \cdot 0.88016 \dots^{2} - 133.90432 \dots \cdot 0.88016 \dots + 75.88684 \dots = 0.00370 \dots

f^{^{'}} (u_{3}) = 432 \cdot 0.88016 \dots^{2} - 145.12189 \dots \cdot 0.88016 \dots - 133.90432 \dots = 73.02944 \dots

u_{4} = 0.88011 \dots

Δ u_{4} = ∣ 0.88011 \dots - 0.88016 \dots ∣ = 0.00005 \dots

Δ u_{4} = 0.00005 \dots

u_{5} = 0.88011 \dots : Δ u_{5} = 1.08272 E - 8

f (u_{4}) = 144 \cdot 0.88011 \dots^{3} - 72.56094 \dots \cdot 0.88011 \dots^{2} - 133.90432 \dots \cdot 0.88011 \dots + 75.88684 \dots = 7.90368 E - 7

f^{^{'}} (u_{4}) = 432 \cdot 0.88011 \dots^{2} - 145.12189 \dots \cdot 0.88011 \dots - 133.90432 \dots = 72.99825 \dots

u_{5} = 0.88011 \dots

Δ u_{5} = ∣ 0.88011 \dots - 0.88011 \dots ∣ = 1.08272 E - 8

Δ u_{5} = 1.08272 E - 8

u \approx 0.88011 \dots

Aplicar la división larga

Eq u a t i o n 0 : \frac{144 u ^{3} - 72.56094 \dots u ^{2} - 133.90432 \dots u + 75.88684 \dots}{u - 0.88011 \dots} = 144 u^{2} + 54.17521 \dots u - 86.22405 \dots

144 u^{2} + 54.17521 \dots u - 86.22405 \dots \approx 0

Encontrar una solución para

144 u^{2} + 54.17521 \dots u - 86.22405 \dots = 0

utilizando el método de Newton-Raphson:

u \approx 0.60823 \dots

144 u^{2} + 54.17521 \dots u - 86.22405 \dots = 0

Definición del método de Newton-Raphson

f (u) = 144 u^{2} + 54.17521 \dots u - 86.22405 \dots

Hallar

f^{^{'}} (u) : 288 u + 54.17521 \dots

\frac{d}{d u} (144 u^{2} + 54.17521 \dots u - 86.22405 \dots)

Aplicar la regla de la suma/diferencia:

(f \pm g)^{'} = f^{'} \pm g^{'}

= \frac{d}{d u} (144 u^{2}) + \frac{d}{d u} (54.17521 \dots u) - \frac{d}{d u} (86.22405 \dots)

\frac{d}{d u} (144 u^{2}) = 288 u

\frac{d}{d u} (144 u^{2})

Sacar la constante:

(a \cdot f)^{'} = a \cdot f^{'}

= 144 \frac{d}{d u} (u^{2})

Aplicar la regla de la potencia:

\frac{d}{d x} (x^{a}) = a \cdot x^{a - 1}

= 144 \cdot 2 u^{2 - 1}

Simplificar

= 288 u

\frac{d}{d u} (54.17521 \dots u) = 54.17521 \dots

\frac{d}{d u} (54.17521 \dots u)

Sacar la constante:

(a \cdot f)^{'} = a \cdot f^{'}

= 54.17521 \dots \frac{d u}{d u}

Aplicar la regla de derivación:

\frac{d u}{d u} = 1

= 54.17521 \dots \cdot 1

Simplificar

= 54.17521 \dots

\frac{d}{d u} (86.22405 \dots) = 0

\frac{d}{d u} (86.22405 \dots)

Derivada de una constante:

\frac{d}{d x} (a) = 0

= 0

= 288 u + 54.17521 \dots - 0

Simplificar

= 288 u + 54.17521 \dots

Sea

u_{0} = 2

Calcular

u_{n + 1}

hasta que

Δ u_{n + 1} < 0.000001

u_{1} = 1.05085 \dots : Δ u_{1} = 0.94914 \dots

f (u_{0}) = 144 \cdot 2^{2} + 54.17521 \dots \cdot 2 - 86.22405 \dots = 598.12636 \dots

f^{^{'}} (u_{0}) = 288 \cdot 2 + 54.17521 \dots = 630.17521 \dots

u_{1} = 1.05085 \dots

Δ u_{1} = ∣ 1.05085 \dots - 2 ∣ = 0.94914 \dots

Δ u_{1} = 0.94914 \dots

u_{2} = 0.68729 \dots : Δ u_{2} = 0.36355 \dots

f (u_{1}) = 144 \cdot 1.05085 \dots^{2} + 54.17521 \dots \cdot 1.05085 \dots - 86.22405 \dots = 129.72561 \dots

f^{^{'}} (u_{1}) = 288 \cdot 1.05085 \dots + 54.17521 \dots = 356.82203 \dots

u_{2} = 0.68729 \dots

Δ u_{2} = ∣ 0.68729 \dots - 1.05085 \dots ∣ = 0.36355 \dots

Δ u_{2} = 0.36355 \dots

u_{3} = 0.61180 \dots : Δ u_{3} = 0.07549 \dots

f (u_{2}) = 144 \cdot 0.68729 \dots^{2} + 54.17521 \dots \cdot 0.68729 \dots - 86.22405 \dots = 19.03314 \dots

f^{^{'}} (u_{2}) = 288 \cdot 0.68729 \dots + 54.17521 \dots = 252.11724 \dots

u_{3} = 0.61180 \dots

Δ u_{3} = ∣ 0.61180 \dots - 0.68729 \dots ∣ = 0.07549 \dots

Δ u_{3} = 0.07549 \dots

u_{4} = 0.60824 \dots : Δ u_{4} = 0.00356 \dots

f (u_{3}) = 144 \cdot 0.61180 \dots^{2} + 54.17521 \dots \cdot 0.61180 \dots - 86.22405 \dots = 0.82068 \dots

f^{^{'}} (u_{3}) = 288 \cdot 0.61180 \dots + 54.17521 \dots = 230.37518 \dots

u_{4} = 0.60824 \dots

Δ u_{4} = ∣ 0.60824 \dots - 0.61180 \dots ∣ = 0.00356 \dots

Δ u_{4} = 0.00356 \dots

u_{5} = 0.60823 \dots : Δ u_{5} = 7.96803 E - 6

f (u_{4}) = 144 \cdot 0.60824 \dots^{2} + 54.17521 \dots \cdot 0.60824 \dots - 86.22405 \dots = 0.00182 \dots

f^{^{'}} (u_{4}) = 288 \cdot 0.60824 \dots + 54.17521 \dots = 229.34921 \dots

u_{5} = 0.60823 \dots

Δ u_{5} = ∣ 0.60823 \dots - 0.60824 \dots ∣ = 7.96803 E - 6

Δ u_{5} = 7.96803 E - 6

u_{6} = 0.60823 \dots : Δ u_{6} = 3.98632 E - 11

f (u_{5}) = 144 \cdot 0.60823 \dots^{2} + 54.17521 \dots \cdot 0.60823 \dots - 86.22405 \dots = 9.1425 E - 9

f^{^{'}} (u_{5}) = 288 \cdot 0.60823 \dots + 54.17521 \dots = 229.34692 \dots

u_{6} = 0.60823 \dots

Δ u_{6} = ∣ 0.60823 \dots - 0.60823 \dots ∣ = 3.98632 E - 11

Δ u_{6} = 3.98632 E - 11

u \approx 0.60823 \dots

Aplicar la división larga

Eq u a t i o n 0 : \frac{144 u ^{2} + 54.17521 \dots u - 86.22405 \dots}{u - 0.60823 \dots} = 144 u + 141.76106 \dots

144 u + 141.76106 \dots \approx 0

u \approx - 0.98445 \dots

Las soluciones son

u \approx 0.32943 \dots, u \approx 0.88011 \dots, u \approx 0.60823 \dots, u \approx - 0.98445 \dots

Sustituir en la ecuación

u = sin (θ)

sin (θ) \approx 0.32943 \dots, sin (θ) \approx 0.88011 \dots, sin (θ) \approx 0.60823 \dots, sin (θ) \approx - 0.98445 \dots

sin (θ) \approx 0.32943 \dots, sin (θ) \approx 0.88011 \dots, sin (θ) \approx 0.60823 \dots, sin (θ) \approx - 0.98445 \dots

sin (θ) = 0.32943 \dots : θ = arcsin (0.32943 \dots) + 2 πn, θ = π - arcsin (0.32943 \dots) + 2 πn

sin (θ) = 0.32943 \dots

Aplicar propiedades trigonométricas inversas

sin (θ) = 0.32943 \dots

Soluciones generales para

sin (θ) = 0.32943 \dots

sin (x) = a \Rightarrow x = arcsin (a) + 2 πn, x = π - arcsin (a) + 2 πn

θ = arcsin (0.32943 \dots) + 2 πn, θ = π - arcsin (0.32943 \dots) + 2 πn

θ = arcsin (0.32943 \dots) + 2 πn, θ = π - arcsin (0.32943 \dots) + 2 πn

sin (θ) = 0.88011 \dots : θ = arcsin (0.88011 \dots) + 2 πn, θ = π - arcsin (0.88011 \dots) + 2 πn

sin (θ) = 0.88011 \dots

Aplicar propiedades trigonométricas inversas

sin (θ) = 0.88011 \dots

Soluciones generales para

sin (θ) = 0.88011 \dots

sin (x) = a \Rightarrow x = arcsin (a) + 2 πn, x = π - arcsin (a) + 2 πn

θ = arcsin (0.88011 \dots) + 2 πn, θ = π - arcsin (0.88011 \dots) + 2 πn

θ = arcsin (0.88011 \dots) + 2 πn, θ = π - arcsin (0.88011 \dots) + 2 πn

sin (θ) = 0.60823 \dots : θ = arcsin (0.60823 \dots) + 2 πn, θ = π - arcsin (0.60823 \dots) + 2 πn

sin (θ) = 0.60823 \dots

Aplicar propiedades trigonométricas inversas

sin (θ) = 0.60823 \dots

Soluciones generales para

sin (θ) = 0.60823 \dots

sin (x) = a \Rightarrow x = arcsin (a) + 2 πn, x = π - arcsin (a) + 2 πn

θ = arcsin (0.60823 \dots) + 2 πn, θ = π - arcsin (0.60823 \dots) + 2 πn

θ = arcsin (0.60823 \dots) + 2 πn, θ = π - arcsin (0.60823 \dots) + 2 πn

sin (θ) = - 0.98445 \dots : θ = arcsin (- 0.98445 \dots) + 2 πn, θ = π + arcsin (0.98445 \dots) + 2 πn

sin (θ) = - 0.98445 \dots

Aplicar propiedades trigonométricas inversas

sin (θ) = - 0.98445 \dots

Soluciones generales para

sin (θ) = - 0.98445 \dots

sin (x) = - a \Rightarrow x = arcsin (- a) + 2 πn, x = π + arcsin (a) + 2 πn

θ = arcsin (- 0.98445 \dots) + 2 πn, θ = π + arcsin (0.98445 \dots) + 2 πn

θ = arcsin (- 0.98445 \dots) + 2 πn, θ = π + arcsin (0.98445 \dots) + 2 πn

Combinar toda las soluciones

θ = arcsin (0.32943 \dots) + 2 πn, θ = π - arcsin (0.32943 \dots) + 2 πn, θ = arcsin (0.88011 \dots) + 2 πn, θ = π - arcsin (0.88011 \dots) + 2 πn, θ = arcsin (0.60823 \dots) + 2 πn, θ = π - arcsin (0.60823 \dots) + 2 πn, θ = arcsin (- 0.98445 \dots) + 2 πn, θ = π + arcsin (0.98445 \dots) + 2 πn

Verificar las soluciones sustituyendo en la ecuación original

Verificar las soluciones sustituyéndolas en

3 sec (θ) + 5 csc (θ) = 12

Quitar las que no concuerden con la ecuación.

Verificar la solución

arcsin (0.32943 \dots) + 2 πn :

Falso

arcsin (0.32943 \dots) + 2 πn

Sustituir

n = 1

arcsin (0.32943 \dots) + 2 π 1

Multiplicar

3 sec (θ) + 5 csc (θ) = 12

por

θ = arcsin (0.32943 \dots) + 2 π 1

3 sec (arcsin (0.32943 \dots) + 2 π 1) + 5 csc (arcsin (0.32943 \dots) + 2 π 1) = 12

Simplificar

18.35473 \dots = 12

\Rightarrow Falso

Verificar la solución

π - arcsin (0.32943 \dots) + 2 πn :

Verdadero

π - arcsin (0.32943 \dots) + 2 πn

Sustituir

n = 1

π - arcsin (0.32943 \dots) + 2 π 1

Multiplicar

3 sec (θ) + 5 csc (θ) = 12

por

θ = π - arcsin (0.32943 \dots) + 2 π 1

3 sec (π - arcsin (0.32943 \dots) + 2 π 1) + 5 csc (π - arcsin (0.32943 \dots) + 2 π 1) = 12

Simplificar

12 = 12

\Rightarrow Verdadero

Verificar la solución

arcsin (0.88011 \dots) + 2 πn :

Verdadero

arcsin (0.88011 \dots) + 2 πn

Sustituir

n = 1

arcsin (0.88011 \dots) + 2 π 1

Multiplicar

3 sec (θ) + 5 csc (θ) = 12

por

θ = arcsin (0.88011 \dots) + 2 π 1

3 sec (arcsin (0.88011 \dots) + 2 π 1) + 5 csc (arcsin (0.88011 \dots) + 2 π 1) = 12

Simplificar

12 = 12

\Rightarrow Verdadero

Verificar la solución

π - arcsin (0.88011 \dots) + 2 πn :

Falso

π - arcsin (0.88011 \dots) + 2 πn

Sustituir

n = 1

π - arcsin (0.88011 \dots) + 2 π 1

Multiplicar

3 sec (θ) + 5 csc (θ) = 12

por

θ = π - arcsin (0.88011 \dots) + 2 π 1

3 sec (π - arcsin (0.88011 \dots) + 2 π 1) + 5 csc (π - arcsin (0.88011 \dots) + 2 π 1) = 12

Simplificar

- 0.63781 \dots = 12

\Rightarrow Falso

Verificar la solución

arcsin (0.60823 \dots) + 2 πn :

Verdadero

arcsin (0.60823 \dots) + 2 πn

Sustituir

n = 1

arcsin (0.60823 \dots) + 2 π 1

Multiplicar

3 sec (θ) + 5 csc (θ) = 12

por

θ = arcsin (0.60823 \dots) + 2 π 1

3 sec (arcsin (0.60823 \dots) + 2 π 1) + 5 csc (arcsin (0.60823 \dots) + 2 π 1) = 12

Simplificar

12 = 12

\Rightarrow Verdadero

Verificar la solución

π - arcsin (0.60823 \dots) + 2 πn :

Falso

π - arcsin (0.60823 \dots) + 2 πn

Sustituir

n = 1

π - arcsin (0.60823 \dots) + 2 π 1

Multiplicar

3 sec (θ) + 5 csc (θ) = 12

por

θ = π - arcsin (0.60823 \dots) + 2 π 1

3 sec (π - arcsin (0.60823 \dots) + 2 π 1) + 5 csc (π - arcsin (0.60823 \dots) + 2 π 1) = 12

Simplificar

4.44101 \dots = 12

\Rightarrow Falso

Verificar la solución

arcsin (- 0.98445 \dots) + 2 πn :

Verdadero

arcsin (- 0.98445 \dots) + 2 πn

Sustituir

n = 1

arcsin (- 0.98445 \dots) + 2 π 1

Multiplicar

3 sec (θ) + 5 csc (θ) = 12

por

θ = arcsin (- 0.98445 \dots) + 2 π 1

3 sec (arcsin (- 0.98445 \dots) + 2 π 1) + 5 csc (arcsin (- 0.98445 \dots) + 2 π 1) = 12

Simplificar

12 = 12

\Rightarrow Verdadero

Verificar la solución

π + arcsin (0.98445 \dots) + 2 πn :

Falso

π + arcsin (0.98445 \dots) + 2 πn

Sustituir

n = 1

π + arcsin (0.98445 \dots) + 2 π 1

Multiplicar

3 sec (θ) + 5 csc (θ) = 12

por

θ = π + arcsin (0.98445 \dots) + 2 π 1

3 sec (π + arcsin (0.98445 \dots) + 2 π 1) + 5 csc (π + arcsin (0.98445 \dots) + 2 π 1) = 12

Simplificar

- 22.15793 \dots = 12

\Rightarrow Falso

θ = π - arcsin (0.32943 \dots) + 2 πn, θ = arcsin (0.88011 \dots) + 2 πn, θ = arcsin (0.60823 \dots) + 2 πn, θ = arcsin (- 0.98445 \dots) + 2 πn

Mostrar soluciones en forma decimal

θ = π - 0.33570 \dots + 2 πn, θ = 1.07609 \dots + 2 πn, θ = 0.65383 \dots + 2 πn, θ = - 1.39422 \dots + 2 πn

Ejemplos populares

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sin(9x+2)=cos(6x-7)

sin (9 x + 2) = cos (6 x - 7)

2cos(3x+pi/2)=-1

2 cos (3 x + \frac{π}{2}) = - 1

sin((3θ)/2)=0

sin (\frac{3 θ}{2}) = 0

4sin(pi/2 x)=3

4 sin (\frac{π}{2} x) = 3