解答
2cos(x)+4cos(4x)=0
解答
x=2.87471…+2πn,x=−2.87471…+2πn,x=0.50586…+2πn,x=2π−0.50586…+2πn,x=1.92046…+2πn,x=−1.92046…+2πn,x=1.12361…+2πn,x=2π−1.12361…+2πn
+1
度数
x=164.70891…∘+360∘n,x=−164.70891…∘+360∘n,x=28.98415…∘+360∘n,x=331.01584…∘+360∘n,x=110.03427…∘+360∘n,x=−110.03427…∘+360∘n,x=64.37831…∘+360∘n,x=295.62168…∘+360∘n求解步骤
2cos(x)+4cos(4x)=0
使用三角恒等式改写
2cos(x)+4cos(4x)
cos(4x)=2cos2(2x)−1
cos(4x)
改写为=cos(2⋅2x)
使用倍角公式: cos(2x)=2cos2(x)−1cos(2⋅2x)=2cos2(2x)−1=2cos2(2x)−1
=2cos(x)+4(2cos2(2x)−1)
使用倍角公式: cos(2x)=2cos2(x)−1=2cos(x)+4(−1+2(2cos2(x)−1)2)
乘开 −1+2(2cos2(x)−1)2:8cos4(x)−8cos2(x)+1
−1+2(2cos2(x)−1)2
(2cos2(x)−1)2:4cos4(x)−4cos2(x)+1
使用完全平方公式: (a−b)2=a2−2ab+b2a=2cos2(x),b=1
=(2cos2(x))2−2⋅2cos2(x)⋅1+12
化简 (2cos2(x))2−2⋅2cos2(x)⋅1+12:4cos4(x)−4cos2(x)+1
(2cos2(x))2−2⋅2cos2(x)⋅1+12
使用法则 1a=112=1=(2cos2(x))2−2⋅2⋅1⋅cos2(x)+1
(2cos2(x))2=4cos4(x)
(2cos2(x))2
使用指数法则: (a⋅b)n=anbn=22(cos2(x))2
(cos2(x))2:cos4(x)
使用指数法则: (ab)c=abc=cos2⋅2(x)
数字相乘:2⋅2=4=cos4(x)
=22cos4(x)
22=4=4cos4(x)
2⋅2cos2(x)⋅1=4cos2(x)
2⋅2cos2(x)⋅1
数字相乘:2⋅2⋅1=4=4cos2(x)
=4cos4(x)−4cos2(x)+1
=4cos4(x)−4cos2(x)+1
=−1+2(4cos4(x)−4cos2(x)+1)
乘开 2(4cos4(x)−4cos2(x)+1):8cos4(x)−8cos2(x)+2
2(4cos4(x)−4cos2(x)+1)
打开括号=2⋅4cos4(x)+2(−4cos2(x))+2⋅1
使用加减运算法则+(−a)=−a=2⋅4cos4(x)−2⋅4cos2(x)+2⋅1
化简 2⋅4cos4(x)−2⋅4cos2(x)+2⋅1:8cos4(x)−8cos2(x)+2
2⋅4cos4(x)−2⋅4cos2(x)+2⋅1
数字相乘:2⋅4=8=8cos4(x)−8cos2(x)+2⋅1
数字相乘:2⋅1=2=8cos4(x)−8cos2(x)+2
=8cos4(x)−8cos2(x)+2
=−1+8cos4(x)−8cos2(x)+2
化简 −1+8cos4(x)−8cos2(x)+2:8cos4(x)−8cos2(x)+1
−1+8cos4(x)−8cos2(x)+2
对同类项分组=8cos4(x)−8cos2(x)−1+2
数字相加/相减:−1+2=1=8cos4(x)−8cos2(x)+1
=8cos4(x)−8cos2(x)+1
=2cos(x)+4(8cos4(x)−8cos2(x)+1)
(1−8cos2(x)+8cos4(x))⋅4+2cos(x)=0
用替代法求解
(1−8cos2(x)+8cos4(x))⋅4+2cos(x)=0
令:cos(x)=u(1−8u2+8u4)⋅4+2u=0
(1−8u2+8u4)⋅4+2u=0:u≈−0.96459…,u≈0.87475…,u≈−0.34258…,u≈0.43242…
(1−8u2+8u4)⋅4+2u=0
展开 (1−8u2+8u4)⋅4+2u:4−32u2+32u4+2u
(1−8u2+8u4)⋅4+2u
=4(1−8u2+8u4)+2u
乘开 4(1−8u2+8u4):4−32u2+32u4
4(1−8u2+8u4)
打开括号=4⋅1+4(−8u2)+4⋅8u4
使用加减运算法则+(−a)=−a=4⋅1−4⋅8u2+4⋅8u4
化简 4⋅1−4⋅8u2+4⋅8u4:4−32u2+32u4
4⋅1−4⋅8u2+4⋅8u4
数字相乘:4⋅1=4=4−4⋅8u2+4⋅8u4
数字相乘:4⋅8=32=4−32u2+32u4
=4−32u2+32u4
=4−32u2+32u4+2u
4−32u2+32u4+2u=0
改写成标准形式 anxn+…+a1x+a0=032u4−32u2+2u+4=0
使用牛顿-拉弗森方法找到 32u4−32u2+2u+4=0 的一个解:u≈−0.96459…
32u4−32u2+2u+4=0
牛顿-拉弗森近似法定义
f(u)=32u4−32u2+2u+4
找到 f′(u):128u3−64u+2
dud(32u4−32u2+2u+4)
使用微分加减法定则: (f±g)′=f′±g′=dud(32u4)−dud(32u2)+dud(2u)+dud(4)
dud(32u4)=128u3
dud(32u4)
将常数提出: (a⋅f)′=a⋅f′=32dud(u4)
使用幂法则: dxd(xa)=a⋅xa−1=32⋅4u4−1
化简=128u3
dud(32u2)=64u
dud(32u2)
将常数提出: (a⋅f)′=a⋅f′=32dud(u2)
使用幂法则: dxd(xa)=a⋅xa−1=32⋅2u2−1
化简=64u
dud(2u)=2
dud(2u)
将常数提出: (a⋅f)′=a⋅f′=2dudu
使用常见微分定则: dudu=1=2⋅1
化简=2
dud(4)=0
dud(4)
常数微分: dxd(a)=0=0
=128u3−64u+2+0
化简=128u3−64u+2
令 u0=−2计算 un+1 至 Δun+1<0.000001
u1=−1.57046…:Δu1=0.42953…
f(u0)=32(−2)4−32(−2)2+2(−2)+4=384f′(u0)=128(−2)3−64(−2)+2=−894u1=−1.57046…
Δu1=∣−1.57046…−(−2)∣=0.42953…Δu1=0.42953…
u2=−1.27401…:Δu2=0.29645…
f(u1)=32(−1.57046…)4−32(−1.57046…)2+2(−1.57046…)+4=116.59128…f′(u1)=128(−1.57046…)3−64(−1.57046…)+2=−393.28104…u2=−1.27401…
Δu2=∣−1.27401…−(−1.57046…)∣=0.29645…Δu2=0.29645…
u3=−1.08733…:Δu3=0.18667…
f(u2)=32(−1.27401…)4−32(−1.27401…)2+2(−1.27401…)+4=33.81573…f′(u2)=128(−1.27401…)3−64(−1.27401…)+2=−181.14887…u3=−1.08733…
Δu3=∣−1.08733…−(−1.27401…)∣=0.18667…Δu3=0.18667…
u4=−0.99350…:Δu4=0.09382…
f(u3)=32(−1.08733…)4−32(−1.08733…)2+2(−1.08733…)+4=8.72257…f′(u3)=128(−1.08733…)3−64(−1.08733…)+2=−92.96260…u4=−0.99350…
Δu4=∣−0.99350…−(−1.08733…)∣=0.09382…Δu4=0.09382…
u5=−0.96674…:Δu5=0.02676…
f(u4)=32(−0.99350…)4−32(−0.99350…)2+2(−0.99350…)+4=1.60428…f′(u4)=128(−0.99350…)3−64(−0.99350…)+2=−59.93911…u5=−0.96674…
Δu5=∣−0.96674…−(−0.99350…)∣=0.02676…Δu5=0.02676…
u6=−0.96461…:Δu6=0.00213…
f(u5)=32(−0.96674…)4−32(−0.96674…)2+2(−0.96674…)+4=0.11041…f′(u5)=128(−0.96674…)3−64(−0.96674…)+2=−51.77809…u6=−0.96461…
Δu6=∣−0.96461…−(−0.96674…)∣=0.00213…Δu6=0.00213…
u7=−0.96459…:Δu7=0.00001…
f(u6)=32(−0.96461…)4−32(−0.96461…)2+2(−0.96461…)+4=0.00066…f′(u6)=128(−0.96461…)3−64(−0.96461…)+2=−51.15092…u7=−0.96459…
Δu7=∣−0.96459…−(−0.96461…)∣=0.00001…Δu7=0.00001…
u8=−0.96459…:Δu8=4.90935E−10
f(u7)=32(−0.96459…)4−32(−0.96459…)2+2(−0.96459…)+4=2.51099E−8f′(u7)=128(−0.96459…)3−64(−0.96459…)+2=−51.14709…u8=−0.96459…
Δu8=∣−0.96459…−(−0.96459…)∣=4.90935E−10Δu8=4.90935E−10
u≈−0.96459…
使用长除法 Equation0:u+0.96459…32u4−32u2+2u+4=32u3−30.86715…u2−2.22559…u+4.14680…
32u3−30.86715…u2−2.22559…u+4.14680…≈0
使用牛顿-拉弗森方法找到 32u3−30.86715…u2−2.22559…u+4.14680…=0 的一个解:u≈0.87475…
32u3−30.86715…u2−2.22559…u+4.14680…=0
牛顿-拉弗森近似法定义
f(u)=32u3−30.86715…u2−2.22559…u+4.14680…
找到 f′(u):96u2−61.73430…u−2.22559…
dud(32u3−30.86715…u2−2.22559…u+4.14680…)
使用微分加减法定则: (f±g)′=f′±g′=dud(32u3)−dud(30.86715…u2)−dud(2.22559…u)+dud(4.14680…)
dud(32u3)=96u2
dud(32u3)
将常数提出: (a⋅f)′=a⋅f′=32dud(u3)
使用幂法则: dxd(xa)=a⋅xa−1=32⋅3u3−1
化简=96u2
dud(30.86715…u2)=61.73430…u
dud(30.86715…u2)
将常数提出: (a⋅f)′=a⋅f′=30.86715…dud(u2)
使用幂法则: dxd(xa)=a⋅xa−1=30.86715…⋅2u2−1
化简=61.73430…u
dud(2.22559…u)=2.22559…
dud(2.22559…u)
将常数提出: (a⋅f)′=a⋅f′=2.22559…dudu
使用常见微分定则: dudu=1=2.22559…⋅1
化简=2.22559…
dud(4.14680…)=0
dud(4.14680…)
常数微分: dxd(a)=0=0
=96u2−61.73430…u−2.22559…+0
化简=96u2−61.73430…u−2.22559…
令 u0=2计算 un+1 至 Δun+1<0.000001
u1=1.48809…:Δu1=0.51190…
f(u0)=32⋅23−30.86715…⋅22−2.22559…⋅2+4.14680…=132.22701…f′(u0)=96⋅22−61.73430…⋅2−2.22559…=258.30580…u1=1.48809…
Δu1=∣1.48809…−2∣=0.51190…Δu1=0.51190…
u2=1.16798…:Δu2=0.32011…
f(u1)=32⋅1.48809…3−30.86715…⋅1.48809…2−2.22559…⋅1.48809…+4.14680…=37.93120…f′(u1)=96⋅1.48809…2−61.73430…⋅1.48809…−2.22559…=118.49374…u2=1.16798…
Δu2=∣1.16798…−1.48809…∣=0.32011…Δu2=0.32011…
u3=0.98388…:Δu3=0.18410…
f(u2)=32⋅1.16798…3−30.86715…⋅1.16798…2−2.22559…⋅1.16798…+4.14680…=10.42612…f′(u2)=96⋅1.16798…2−61.73430…⋅1.16798…−2.22559…=56.63221…u3=0.98388…
Δu3=∣0.98388…−1.16798…∣=0.18410…Δu3=0.18410…
u4=0.89863…:Δu4=0.08524…
f(u3)=32⋅0.98388…3−30.86715…⋅0.98388…2−2.22559…⋅0.98388…+4.14680…=2.55451…f′(u3)=96⋅0.98388…2−61.73430…⋅0.98388…−2.22559…=29.96580…u4=0.89863…
Δu4=∣0.89863…−0.98388…∣=0.08524…Δu4=0.08524…
u5=0.87632…:Δu5=0.02231…
f(u4)=32⋅0.89863…3−30.86715…⋅0.89863…2−2.22559…⋅0.89863…+4.14680…=0.44226…f′(u4)=96⋅0.89863…2−61.73430…⋅0.89863…−2.22559…=19.82237…u5=0.87632…
Δu5=∣0.87632…−0.89863…∣=0.02231…Δu5=0.02231…
u6=0.87476…:Δu6=0.00156…
f(u5)=32⋅0.87632…3−30.86715…⋅0.87632…2−2.22559…⋅0.87632…+4.14680…=0.02722…f′(u5)=96⋅0.87632…2−61.73430…⋅0.87632…−2.22559…=17.39797…u6=0.87476…
Δu6=∣0.87476…−0.87632…∣=0.00156…Δu6=0.00156…
u7=0.87475…:Δu7=7.56069E−6
f(u6)=32⋅0.87476…3−30.86715…⋅0.87476…2−2.22559…⋅0.87476…+4.14680…=0.00013…f′(u6)=96⋅0.87476…2−61.73430…⋅0.87476…−2.22559…=17.23152…u7=0.87475…
Δu7=∣0.87475…−0.87476…∣=7.56069E−6Δu7=7.56069E−6
u8=0.87475…:Δu8=1.76195E−10
f(u7)=32⋅0.87475…3−30.86715…⋅0.87475…2−2.22559…⋅0.87475…+4.14680…=3.03597E−9f′(u7)=96⋅0.87475…2−61.73430…⋅0.87475…−2.22559…=17.23072…u8=0.87475…
Δu8=∣0.87475…−0.87475…∣=1.76195E−10Δu8=1.76195E−10
u≈0.87475…
使用长除法 Equation0:u−0.87475…32u3−30.86715…u2−2.22559…u+4.14680…=32u2−2.87503…u−4.74053…
32u2−2.87503…u−4.74053…≈0
使用牛顿-拉弗森方法找到 32u2−2.87503…u−4.74053…=0 的一个解:u≈−0.34258…
32u2−2.87503…u−4.74053…=0
牛顿-拉弗森近似法定义
f(u)=32u2−2.87503…u−4.74053…
找到 f′(u):64u−2.87503…
dud(32u2−2.87503…u−4.74053…)
使用微分加减法定则: (f±g)′=f′±g′=dud(32u2)−dud(2.87503…u)−dud(4.74053…)
dud(32u2)=64u
dud(32u2)
将常数提出: (a⋅f)′=a⋅f′=32dud(u2)
使用幂法则: dxd(xa)=a⋅xa−1=32⋅2u2−1
化简=64u
dud(2.87503…u)=2.87503…
dud(2.87503…u)
将常数提出: (a⋅f)′=a⋅f′=2.87503…dudu
使用常见微分定则: dudu=1=2.87503…⋅1
化简=2.87503…
dud(4.74053…)=0
dud(4.74053…)
常数微分: dxd(a)=0=0
=64u−2.87503…−0
化简=64u−2.87503…
令 u0=−2计算 un+1 至 Δun+1<0.000001
u1=−1.01425…:Δu1=0.98574…
f(u0)=32(−2)2−2.87503…(−2)−4.74053…=129.00952…f′(u0)=64(−2)−2.87503…=−130.87503…u1=−1.01425…
Δu1=∣−1.01425…−(−2)∣=0.98574…Δu1=0.98574…
u2=−0.55555…:Δu2=0.45870…
f(u1)=32(−1.01425…)2−2.87503…(−1.01425…)−4.74053…=31.09423…f′(u1)=64(−1.01425…)−2.87503…=−67.78729…u2=−0.55555…
Δu2=∣−0.55555…−(−1.01425…)∣=0.45870…Δu2=0.45870…
u3=−0.38034…:Δu3=0.17520…
f(u2)=32(−0.55555…)2−2.87503…(−0.55555…)−4.74053…=6.73307…f′(u2)=64(−0.55555…)−2.87503…=−38.43029…u3=−0.38034…
Δu3=∣−0.38034…−(−0.55555…)∣=0.17520…Δu3=0.17520…
u4=−0.34425…:Δu4=0.03608…
f(u3)=32(−0.38034…)2−2.87503…(−0.38034…)−4.74053…=0.98226…f′(u3)=64(−0.38034…)−2.87503…=−27.21735…u4=−0.34425…
Δu4=∣−0.34425…−(−0.38034…)∣=0.03608…Δu4=0.03608…
u5=−0.34258…:Δu5=0.00167…
f(u4)=32(−0.34425…)2−2.87503…(−0.34425…)−4.74053…=0.04167…f′(u4)=64(−0.34425…)−2.87503…=−24.90762…u5=−0.34258…
Δu5=∣−0.34258…−(−0.34425…)∣=0.00167…Δu5=0.00167…
u6=−0.34258…:Δu6=3.6129E−6
f(u5)=32(−0.34258…)2−2.87503…(−0.34258…)−4.74053…=0.00008…f′(u5)=64(−0.34258…)−2.87503…=−24.80052…u6=−0.34258…
Δu6=∣−0.34258…−(−0.34258…)∣=3.6129E−6Δu6=3.6129E−6
u7=−0.34258…:Δu7=1.68425E−11
f(u6)=32(−0.34258…)2−2.87503…(−0.34258…)−4.74053…=4.17699E−10f′(u6)=64(−0.34258…)−2.87503…=−24.80029…u7=−0.34258…
Δu7=∣−0.34258…−(−0.34258…)∣=1.68425E−11Δu7=1.68425E−11
u≈−0.34258…
使用长除法 Equation0:u+0.34258…32u2−2.87503…u−4.74053…=32u−13.83766…
32u−13.83766…≈0
u≈0.43242…
解为u≈−0.96459…,u≈0.87475…,u≈−0.34258…,u≈0.43242…
u=cos(x)代回cos(x)≈−0.96459…,cos(x)≈0.87475…,cos(x)≈−0.34258…,cos(x)≈0.43242…
cos(x)≈−0.96459…,cos(x)≈0.87475…,cos(x)≈−0.34258…,cos(x)≈0.43242…
cos(x)=−0.96459…:x=arccos(−0.96459…)+2πn,x=−arccos(−0.96459…)+2πn
cos(x)=−0.96459…
使用反三角函数性质
cos(x)=−0.96459…
cos(x)=−0.96459…的通解cos(x)=−a⇒x=arccos(−a)+2πn,x=−arccos(−a)+2πnx=arccos(−0.96459…)+2πn,x=−arccos(−0.96459…)+2πn
x=arccos(−0.96459…)+2πn,x=−arccos(−0.96459…)+2πn
cos(x)=0.87475…:x=arccos(0.87475…)+2πn,x=2π−arccos(0.87475…)+2πn
cos(x)=0.87475…
使用反三角函数性质
cos(x)=0.87475…
cos(x)=0.87475…的通解cos(x)=a⇒x=arccos(a)+2πn,x=2π−arccos(a)+2πnx=arccos(0.87475…)+2πn,x=2π−arccos(0.87475…)+2πn
x=arccos(0.87475…)+2πn,x=2π−arccos(0.87475…)+2πn
cos(x)=−0.34258…:x=arccos(−0.34258…)+2πn,x=−arccos(−0.34258…)+2πn
cos(x)=−0.34258…
使用反三角函数性质
cos(x)=−0.34258…
cos(x)=−0.34258…的通解cos(x)=−a⇒x=arccos(−a)+2πn,x=−arccos(−a)+2πnx=arccos(−0.34258…)+2πn,x=−arccos(−0.34258…)+2πn
x=arccos(−0.34258…)+2πn,x=−arccos(−0.34258…)+2πn
cos(x)=0.43242…:x=arccos(0.43242…)+2πn,x=2π−arccos(0.43242…)+2πn
cos(x)=0.43242…
使用反三角函数性质
cos(x)=0.43242…
cos(x)=0.43242…的通解cos(x)=a⇒x=arccos(a)+2πn,x=2π−arccos(a)+2πnx=arccos(0.43242…)+2πn,x=2π−arccos(0.43242…)+2πn
x=arccos(0.43242…)+2πn,x=2π−arccos(0.43242…)+2πn
合并所有解x=arccos(−0.96459…)+2πn,x=−arccos(−0.96459…)+2πn,x=arccos(0.87475…)+2πn,x=2π−arccos(0.87475…)+2πn,x=arccos(−0.34258…)+2πn,x=−arccos(−0.34258…)+2πn,x=arccos(0.43242…)+2πn,x=2π−arccos(0.43242…)+2πn
以小数形式表示解x=2.87471…+2πn,x=−2.87471…+2πn,x=0.50586…+2πn,x=2π−0.50586…+2πn,x=1.92046…+2πn,x=−1.92046…+2πn,x=1.12361…+2πn,x=2π−1.12361…+2πn